156 AORIClJLTUKAL ESSAYS. 



is effected by cutting off a small piece of the tail, which will be 

 attended with a small discharge of blood ; or when the hollow 

 part is near the end, cut a slit in it one or two inches lono-, and 

 this will effect a cure. '° 



Gripes, or cholic. When attacked with it, they lie down 

 and rise up incessantly, and stick their horns against any ob- 

 ject that presents. It is attended with either costiveness or 

 scouring. In the former case, they are to be treated with pur- 

 gatives, and in the latter, with restringents. To stop the purg- 

 ing, give thern halfa pint of olive oil sweetened with sugar; or 

 a quart of ale, mixed with a few drops of laudanum, and°two or 

 three ounces of oil of sweet almonds. To promote purging, give 

 them five or six drachms of fine Barbadoes' aloes, and half' a 

 pint of brandy, mixed with two quarts of water gruel, in a luke 

 warm state. In either case, speedy attention to the beast is 

 necessary, in order to prevent an inflammation of the intestines, 

 which must prove fatal. 



Scouring SYMPTOMS. Frequent discharge of slimy excre- 

 ment, loss of appetite, loss of flesh, increasing paleness of the 

 eyes, and general debility. Cure.— The beast should be imme- 

 diately housed, and put to dry food, and this in the early stage 

 of the disease will generally effect a cure. Should this fail, it 

 is directed by the same author to boil a pound of mutton suet in 

 three quarts of milk, till the former is dissolved, and give it to 

 the beast in a luke warm state ; or in obstinate cases, boil half 

 a pound of powdered chalk in two quarts of water, till it is re- 

 duced to three pints ; add four ounces of hartshorn shavings, 

 ©ne of cassia, and stir the whole together ; when cold, add a 

 pint of lime water and two drachms of the tincture of opium; 

 keep the whole m a corked bottle, and after shaking it before 

 using, give one or two horna full two or three times a day, as 

 the nature of the case may require. Sometimes however, thia 

 disease proves incurable. 



HovEN. Occasioned by eating too much when turned into 

 rich pastures, by swallowing potatoes, or other roots without 

 sufficient chewing, and to other causes. The stomach of the 

 animal becomes distended with wind, and if a vent for this can- 

 not be afforded, the beast must die. Remedy. — Open a hole 

 with a sharp pointed knife, with a blade three or four inches 

 long, between the hip and short ribs, where the swelling rises 

 highest, and insert a small tube in the orifice, till the wind ceas- 

 es to be troublesome. The wound will soon heal up again. Mr. 

 Young recommends for curing this complaint, to take three- 

 fourths of a pmt of olive oil, and a pint of melted butter or hog's 

 lard, and pour this mixture down the throat of the beast ; and 



