;"iUS AGRICULTURAL ESSAYS. 



up in rows ; as most of the seeds, in that case, will be thrown- 

 into the bottom of the furrow. On furrows of green sward 

 turned under, the harrow should be loaded with more than its 

 common weight, and run length-ways with the furrows. When 

 the seed is sown on ridges, the harrow ought also- to run 

 length-ways. Harrowing meadow lands, when they become 

 bound, or become cold and mossy, is often of essential service 

 to them, and will make them produce much more abundantly 

 the following years ; though when circumstances will admit, 

 breaking such lands up with the plough, as is directed in the 

 essay on improvement of land by ploughing, is preferable. 



Harrowing wheat and rye in the spring is considered by 

 European writers to be very beneficial ; but this must depend 

 on the condition of the land. It might be useful if the grain 

 v/as obstructed with such kind of grass or weeds, the growth 

 of which would probably be retarded or defeated by the ope- 

 ration. 



The double harrow, or two three-square harrow^s, the one 

 inside of the other, is believed to be an improvement on the 

 common harrow. To make this, let the two outside pieces be 

 eix feet six inches long *, the tongue, or middle piece, five feet 

 eix inches ; the inside pieces, four feet long; the sheath, or 

 cross piece, one inch thick by four inches wide ; the rest of 

 the timber three by four inches square ; the hind part of 

 the harrow, nx feet six inches wide, from outside to outside ; 

 and to contain nineteen teeth. It is very obvious that such a 

 harrow will more completely pulverize the ground, thah the 

 ones most commonly in use. 



It should always be considered that the condition of the soil 

 may be such as to require the harrowing to be deeper for 

 some purposes than others. If, for instance, you have plough- 

 ed in dry compost manure, with a shallow furrow, in that case 

 your harrow teeth should not be permitted to penetrate so 

 deep as to uncover it: To be rendered most efficacious, it 

 should all remain covered by the soil. So also -some seed 

 <^hould be covered deeper than others. Hpnce it is obvious 



