XVm INTRODUCTION. 



opened at Mokelumne Hill in 18G5, but proved unprofitable, and the work 

 has ceased. The stones are abundant, but common in quality. 



§ IS. Treasure Trade. — Up to the end of 1S61, the total amount of 

 treasure manifested at the San Francisco Custom House for exporta- 

 tion, as giv^en in section 177, was $551,603,904. Since '61 the following 

 sums have been shipped, viz.: in 1862, $45,561,761; in '63, $46,071,920. 

 in '64, $55,707,201; in '65, $44,984,546; in '66, $56,146,577; in '67,' 

 $48,069,236. Adding these sums to the total of 12 years before, we have 

 $845,346,245. It is well known, however, that large sums were exported 

 in early years without entry at the Custom House, and my estimate of 

 $700,000,000 for the total exportation previous to the 1st January, 1862, 

 has been considered, by business men and bankers, in San Francisco, to 

 be as near correct as any estimate could be, and we may assume that in 

 the last six years and a half the production has been greater by 

 $35,000,000 tlian the exportation; we have a total production of 

 $1,030,000,000 for the coast, up to the 1st January, 1868. 



This production, however. Las not been exclusively from California. 

 In 1866, "Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, which carries all the treasure, 

 the transportation of which is published, received at San Francisco, 

 $24,055,381 from the Northern mines of Cahfornia, $5,415,711 from the 

 Southern mines, $15,215,218 from Nevada, $6,551,284 from the Northern 

 Coast, including Victoria, and $2,369,994 from foreign parts. During 

 1867 the Northern mines sent us $22,927,309, the Southern mines 

 $4,477,462, Nevada $18,000,000, and the Northern Coast, $5,829,522. 



The yield of Nevada is rapidly increasing ; that of Idaho,, which supplies 

 most of the gold from the "Northern Coast," is either decreasing since 

 1864, or else the treasure is sent eastward overland. California supplies 

 about three-fifths of the treasure exported from San Francisco. One of 

 the main causes of the decrease in the gold production of this State is the 

 tax of $4 per month levied on Chinese miners. Not less than ten thou- 

 sand have left the placers of California within the last two years, either 

 for Idaho, Montana, or Nevada. 



§ 19. Shipping. — Previous to 1860 our imports exceeded our exports, 

 and ships came heavily laden, and went away in baUast. The tables are 

 now turned, and ships come in ballast to load with our grain, copper ores, 

 wines, wool, hides, horns, quicksilver, borax, and plumbago. In the first 

 half of 1867, 1,144 vessels, registering 391,000 tons, entered the port of 

 San Francisco, making the annual tonnage of the port about 800,000. 



I 20. Population. — The population of the State has gained considera- 



