10 EESOUKCES OF CALIFORNIA. 



opens into the southern part of Bodega Bay, and is only five 

 miles distant from the Bodega anchorage ; and, as one is secure 

 against nortliern and the other against southern winds, vessels 

 are safe in all weathers, because they can easily run across to 

 whichever may prove the sheltered side. 



The bay of Sir Francis Drake, in latitude 38°, is small, open 

 to the south, and of no value to commerce. 



Half Moon Bay is a small roadstead, eighteen miles south of 

 the Golden Gate. 



Santa Cruz Harbor, on the northern side of Monterey Bay, 

 in 36° 57', is small, has four fathoms of water, a sandy bottom, 

 and is open to the south. 



Twelve miles ftirther south is the mouth of the Salinas River, 

 which is about two hundred yards wide, and has seven feet of 

 water. It is entered by small schooners, with the help of a 

 steam-tug. 



Eight miles farther to the southward is the harbor of Mon- 

 terey, which is large and deep, and has good holding-ground. 

 It is open to the north. 



San Simeon Harbor, in 35° 38', has a good anchorage, and 

 is safe while the wind blows from the north, but it offers no 

 protection against storms from the southward. The bottom 

 is sandy. 



San Luis Obispo Harbor, in 35° 10', has a good anchorage, 

 safe at all times, except during storms from the southward. 



Santa Barbara, in 34° 24', has an open harbor, exposed to 

 the south winds. The water is deep, and the bottom hard. 



San Pedro, in 33° 43', is open to the south, but probably 

 might be made secure by a breakwater, to cost one million of 

 dollars. The bottom is hard. 



The difference between extreme high tide and extreme low 

 tide is about nine feet at Crescent City, and seven feet at San 

 Diego. At San Francisco, tiie establishment of the port is 

 ten hours. 



§ 9. Sacramento Basin. — The low land of the Sacramento 

 basin, bounded on the west by the Coast Mountains and on 



