50 EES0T7RCES OF CALIFORNIA. 



hard, 2 ; gray sand, 4 ; blue clay, 14 ; liglit-drab clay, 3 ; very 

 fine gray sand, 24 (807) ; light-drab clay, 1 ; light-gray sand, 

 very fine, 27; dark-gray clay, 17; light-blue clay, very hard, 

 22 ; light clay, 11 ; dark, chocolate-colored clay, very hard, 10 ; 

 light clay, very hard, 15 (910) ; fine gray sand— a good stream 

 of water, 2 ; clay and sand, 11. (Note. — A large stream of - 

 water was obtained in this stratum, rising seven feet above 

 the surface.) Fine sand and gravel, 10; blue clay, 20; sand 

 and gravel, 6 ; blue clay, 27 ; clay, gravel, and mica, 14 (1,000) ; 

 in sand, 2. 



The depth of the well is 1,002 feet. The temperature of the 

 water, as it issues from the well-surface, is 77°, the atmosphere 

 beinc: 60° Fahrenheit. The water rises eleven feet above the 

 surface of the plain, and nine feet above the established grade 

 of the city. The quantity of water discharged is about sixty 

 thousand gallons in twenty-four hours. 



The diluvium in the coast valleys bears a strong general re- 

 semblance, in its material and stratification, to that of the San 

 Joaquin valley. In many places where artesian wells have 

 been sunk, fossil wood and bone have been found three hun- 

 dred and four hundred feet below the surface of the ground, 

 and two hundred feet or more below the present level of the 

 sea. In the mountains there are also large bodies of diluvium, 

 but the material is coarser than in the valleys, being usually a 

 gravelly clay, deposited in distinctly-marked layers, with inter- 

 vening strata of sand and boulders. 



§ 36. Gold. — Gold is found in nearly all parts of California, 

 but is most abundant on the western slope of the Sierra Ne- 

 vada, between two thousand and six thousand feet above the 

 sea, from latitude 37° to 40° — a district two hundred and 

 twenty miles long by forty wide. This may be called the Sac- 

 ramento district. It is drained by the Feather, Yuba, Ameri- 

 can, Cosumnes, Calaveras, Stanislaus, and Tuolumne rivers. 

 The next district in importance is in the northwestern corner 

 of the state, including that part of the Sacramento Basin west 

 of Shasta, and the lower portion of the Klamath valley. Next 



