ZOOLOGY. 137 



pigeon found on the Pacific coast, bears a strong resemblance 

 in form, size, and color, to its congener in the Atlantic states, 

 and has similar habits, but is not numerous. Small flocks mi- 

 grate through the state every spring and autumn, and some 

 of them spend the summer here. 



The white-winged dove [Mclophelia leiicoptera) has been 

 seen in the southern part of the state, but is very rare. It has 

 white spots on its wings, whence its common and technical 

 names are derived. 



The common dove [Zenaidura carol'mensls) of the Atlantic 

 slope is found on the Pacific slope as well. 



The sand-hill crane ( Grus canadensis) are found from the 

 meridian of Cincinnati to the Pacific, and are not rare in Cali- 

 fornia. They spend the winters in our valleys, and in the 

 spring migrate to the Klamath Lakes and farther north, where 

 they spend their summers and breed. Subsisting upon vege- 

 table food exclusively, they are themselves good to eat, and 

 are frequently seen in the San Francisco market. 



§ 105. Waders. — The order of waders (^Grallatores) is rep- 

 resented in California by forty-one species of birds, namely : 

 one crane, two herons, two bitterns, one fly-up-the-creek, one 

 ibis, six plovers, one oyster-catcher, two turnstones, one avoi- 

 set, three phalaropes, one stilt, one willet, one godwit, one 

 curlew, five snipes, five sand-pipers, one sanderling, three rails, 

 and one coot. The oyster -catcher, one turnstone, one plover, 

 and one heron, are the only species in the list not found east 

 of the Mississippi, and none of them have such value or pecu- 

 liarities as would give interest to a particular description of 

 them. 



§ 106. Swimmers. — California has sixty-six species of the 

 order of swimmers [Natatorcs) : of these there are two swans, 

 six geese, twenty-two ducks, four albatross, two petrels, seven 

 gulls, four terns, three pelicans, three cormorants, four guille- 

 mots, one loon, and various miscellaneous species. One swan, 

 all the albatrosses, five gulls, the two petrels, the loon, and one 

 guillemot, are found only on this coast. 



