GOCIETT. 859 



CHAPTER XII. 



SOCIETY. 



§ 252. Population. — The total population of Califoroia is 

 reported by the census of 1860 to be 380,015; of whom 

 •333,530 are white, and 46,485 are colored. This census, how- 

 ever, Avas not taken with proper care, and I am confident that 

 the total population is not less than 400,000, of whom about 

 340,000 are white, and 60,000 colored. Of the colored, 50,000 

 are Chinamen, 3,000 are negroes and raulattoes, and 7,000 are 

 Indians. Most of the Indians live far from white men, and in 

 a state of complete savageness ; the negroes are mostly in the 

 large towns ; the Chinamen are mostly in the mines and in 

 San Francisco. The details of the census have not yet been 

 published, so I must guess at them. I suppose that the white 

 population is made up of 155,000 men, 95,000 w^omen, and 

 90,000 children or minors. Of the men, there may be 130,000 

 citizens and 25,000 aliens. The aliens may be composed of 

 12,000 Frenchmen, 3,000 Englishmen and Scotchmen, 2,000 

 Irishmen, 3,000 Italians, 2,000 Spanish Americans and 3,000 

 Germans, &c. Putting white and colored adults together, 

 there are about 110,000 women and 200,000 men in the state. 

 The men are about equally divided between the mining and 

 farming districts of the state, but the proportion of women is 

 much larger in the lattei" than in the former. The minors are 

 about equally divided between boys and girls ; and the chil- 

 dren, under ten years of age, have a large majority over those 

 between ten and twenty-one. Of the nativity of voters I 

 make the following estimate : 50,000 Americans from the free 

 states, 30,000 Americans from the slave states, 20,000 Irish- 



