TOPOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 427 



word coined by Mr. Grote) of the places where they stopped, 

 first called Murphy's Camp, Aogel's Camp, and Carson's Camp, 

 now become permanent towns, which have discarded the 

 ''camp," and assumed the titles, "Murphy's," "Angel's," etc. 

 It is better to drop the s and the apostrophe, as is sometimes 

 done. "Yankee Jim's Camp" — the surname of "Jim" was 

 never known to the general public — is now simply Yankee 

 Jim. Messrs. Downie, Weaver, and Heald were the respective 

 eponyms of Downieville, Weaverville, and Ilealdsburg ; and 

 Folsom was named after the owners of the rancho on which it 

 was laid out. The knowledge or supposition of rich diggings is 

 indicated by some of tlie names of towns. For instance, Ojfhir, 

 Gold Hill, Quartzburg, Phicerville, Oroville, Rich Bar, and Tin 

 Cup. Piacerville was, in 1849, called Hangtown, because it was 

 the first place where any person was hanged by Lynch law. 

 Oroville is a compound of oro, the Spanish word for gold, and 

 ville, the French word for city. Tin Cup was so named because 

 the first miners there found the placers so rich that they measur- 

 ed their gold in pint tin cups. Many of the bars and camps in 

 the mining districts are named after the discoverers or first set- 

 tlers. There are Scott's Bar, Long's Bar, Kelly's Bar, Kanaka 

 Bar, Negro Bar, Chinese Camp, etc. Other places are named 

 from the native places of the first settlers, as Mississippi Bar, 

 Ohio Bar, Iowa Hill, Michigan Bluffs, Illinoistovvn, AUeghany- 

 town, etc. Pine Log is so named because there was, in early 

 times, at that place a pine log across the South Fork of the 

 Stanislaus River, in such a position as to offer a very convenient 

 crossing to miners. Some of the mining camps are named 

 from tragic events which occurred there : thus there is a Mur- 

 derer's Bar, a Dead Man's Bar, and a Dead Shot Flat. The 

 following is a list of some curious names of mining localities: 



Jim Crow Canon, Happy Valley, Ground-Hog's Glery, 



Red Dog, Hell's Delight, Bogus Thunder, 



Jackass Gulch, Devil's Basin, Last Chance, 



Ladies' Canon, Dead Wood, Greenhorn Caiion, 



Miller's Defeat, Gouge Eye, Shanghai Hill, 



Loafer Hill, Puko Ravine, Shirttail Canon, 



