462 APPEND IX, 



teen organized counties, viz. : Benton, Clackamas, Clatsop, 

 Columbia, Coose, Curry, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Lane, 

 Linn, Marion, Multnoma, Polk, Tillamook, Urnpqua, Wash- 

 ington, Wasco, and Yamhill. All these counties, save Wasco, 

 are west of the Cascade Mountnins, and within one hundrcHl 

 miles of the Pacific, the east part of the State having very 

 few white inhabitants, and those confmed to the immediate 

 vicinity of the Columbia River. The largest town in the State 

 is Portland (population in 1860, 2,700). It is the chief seaport, 

 situated on the west bank of the Willamette River, ten miles 

 from its mouth, which is one hundred miles by the couise 

 of the Columbia from the ocean. The town-site is a j)lain 

 about 30 feet a,bove the level of the river, and it is sur- 

 rounded by dense forests of tall spruce, fir, and other ever- 

 green trees. The town dates from 1847. The houses are 

 nearly all of wood. The next town of importance is Salem, 

 the capital (population 1,500), on the east bank of the 

 Willamette River, about fjrty miles south of Portland hy the 

 course of the river. It contains the State capitol and a 

 woolen mill. Corvalls (population 1,000) is twenty miles 

 farther south on the west bank of the same river. This place 

 was once selected by the Territorial legislature to be the capi- 

 tal, but the Federal government had appropriated money to 

 build a capitol at Salem, and would not recognize any other. 

 Eugene City (population 800) is thirty miles south of Cor- 

 vallis, also on the bank of the Willamette River. Other towns 

 in the Willamette Valley are Oregon City, Lafayette, Dayton, 

 Santiam, and Albany. Oregon City, nine miles south of Port- 

 land, at the falls of the Willamette, has a great water-power, 

 and will be a manufecturing town of importance; but now 

 the little power used is mostly spent in sawing rough lumber. 

 On the bank of the Columbia are the towns of Aston'i. 

 Rainier, St. Helen's, and the Dalles. Astoria (pop. 400) is nme 

 miles from the ocean, at a point where the river is three or four 

 miles wide. It posesses a custom-house and a couple of saw- 

 mills. All the country east, southeast, and south from Astoria is 



