APPENDIX. 475 



estjiblished out of tlie northern lialf of Oreojon. In tlie summer 

 of 1857 '.I constitutional convention was held, and dr.ifted a 

 St.-ite constitution, which was submitted to popular vote on 

 November 9, 1857. With the constitiuion wei'c suhmilted the 

 questions wliether slavery should belegahzed in the State, and 

 v.hetlier f -ee negroes should be permitted to reside in it. The 

 result was favorable to the constitution, and against shivery 

 and free negroes. On February 1 4, 1859, the State was admit- 

 ted by act of Congress under the constitution adopted in 1857. 

 Oregon has been troubled with many Indian wars. From. 1845, 

 when the disturbances began, until the present time, there has 

 always been a hostile feeling between the whites and the red 

 men. This hostihty most of the time did not amount to an 

 open warfare, but simply led to the shooting down of a man or 

 two occasionally. A state of affairs very similar to tlrls still 

 continues in the eastern part of Oregon. Neither red nor 

 white man is safe alone while persons of the other color are 

 near. In 1855 the hostility broke out into a general war, 

 whicli lasted more than a year, and led to a multitude of 

 skirmishes and many deaths ; but no serious battle was 

 fought. In 1858 there was another war, but it was confined 

 to the eastern portion of Oregon and Washington, and little 

 damage was done by it to the industry, trade, or white popu- 

 lation of either Territory. The gold-mines of the Rogue River 

 Valley in Southern Oregon were discovered in 1851, but not 

 much worked previous to 1853. 



WASni^GTOK 



Washington, an organized Territory belonging to the 

 United States, and occupying the northwest corner of its do- 

 main. It lies between latitude 45° and 49° north and longitude 

 110° and 1 25° west, and is bounded north by British Columbia, 

 east l)y the Territoiies of Dacotah and Nebraska, south by 

 those of Utah and Nevada and the State of Oregon, and west 



