APPENDIX. 4g3 



iiigton, portions of ranges which are also observed in other 

 parts of the continent: the Coast, Cascade, and Rocky Moun- 

 tains. Tlie Coast range extends from Cape San Lucas to the 

 Straits of Fuca. Xear the Cohimbia River the range is low or 

 imperceptible, but west of Iloofl's canal it rises in wide and 

 high ridges called the Olympian Mountains, in some places 

 eight thousand feet high. The Cascade range, a continuation 

 of the Sierra Nevada of California, is in Washington six 

 thousand feet high, and runs parallel with the coast, one 

 hundred miles distant from it. The ridge is a very important 

 one, for it divides the Territory, and indeed the coast, for a 

 distance of fifteen degrees, into districts entirely different 

 from each other in climate, sojl, geological character, and 

 vegetable and animal productions. Four high snow peaks 

 rise in the range. Mount Baker, in latitude 48° 45', is 

 eleven thousand nine hundred feet high, and an active vol- 

 cano. It frequently emits black smoke, and sometimes shows 

 a light at night, but no eiuption of lava has been observed by 

 white men. Mount Rainier (formerly spelled Regnier), in lat- 

 itude 46*^ 40', is twelve thousand three hundred and thirty feet 

 high, has two summits about four miles apart, and is an ex- 

 tinct volcano. Mount St. Helen's, in latitude 46° 20', is nine 

 thousand five hundred and fifty feet high, and almost extinct 

 as a volcano ; the only sign of fire in its bosom is a thin 

 stream of white, steam-like smoke which ascends from its sum- 

 mit almost constantly. Mount Adams, forty miles eastward 

 from St. Helen's, is nine thousand feet high, and is an extinct 

 volcano. In the Rocky Mountains, along the eastern boun- 

 dary of the Territory, there are many high peaks, the most re- 

 markable of which is Fremont's peak, in latitude 43% thirteen 

 thousand five hundred and seventy feet high. About forty 

 miles to the westward of this peak are three peaks called the 

 Three Tetons ; and eighty miles farther west are the Three 

 Buttes. Many spurs of the Rocky Mountains run down into 

 the Territory, among the most im])ortant of which are the 

 Salmon River Mountains.— Most of the tillable land of Wash- 



