SPORTING DOGS BREEDING AND BREAKING. 291 



purpose for which it is intended. After being 

 whipped once, the dog runs off when he finds he 

 is likely to be whipped again. By the time he 

 is caught and whipped again he has forgotten all 

 about the original fault. Now, there is an effec- 

 tual way to punish a fault at almost the moment 

 of its commission, and thus to cure him of it 

 without half the punishment of severe whipping. 



I load one barrel with very small shot, No. 10. 

 When the dog has had one or two warnings, and 

 rushes in again as the old dog stands at point, I 

 call " steady " in a loud, authoritative tone of 

 voice. Then if he keeps on, flushes the birds, 

 and chases them, I just give him some of the 

 No. 10 on the quarters. He will be at a good 

 distance off, and the small shot will sting him 

 sharply through his hair, but will not penetrate 

 his tough skin. The dog knows in a moment what 

 this is for. One lesson is generally enough, and 

 the second is always effectual. A man might 

 almost flay the hide off of some bold, headstrong 

 dog with whips without breaking the dog to 

 good purpose. My method obviates the necessity 

 for a great deal of punishment with the whip, and 

 is not really severe. A dog, however, should 

 never be shot at with larger shot than No. 10, 



