48 Operation and Tests. 
12. Granulated lead. 
13. Granulated zinc. 
14. Test tin. 
15. Powdered Silica, Si0:. 
16. Cobalt solution. 
17. Ammonia-water, NH:OH. 
18. Nitric acid, HNO’. 
19. Hydrochloric acid, HCl. 
20. Sulphuric acid, H:SO.. 
21. Potassium-bisulphate. 
The above outfit complete with apparatus and 
chemicals will cost $10. 
OPERATION AND TESTS. 
(a) THE OXIDIZING FLAME. (0. F.). 
To produce the O. F., the point of the 
blowpipe is placed just within the flame of 
the lamp, slightly above the wick. Blowing 
produces a long blue cone; the O. F. lies just out- 
side this blue cone and is not often visible unless some 
object is placed in it. Just beyond the point of this 
blue cone is the hottest part of the flame. 
(b) THE REDUCING FLAME (R: F.). 
To produce the R. F., hold the blowpipe so that its 
point just reaches the edge of the lamp flame slightly 
above the wick. The R. F. is the interior of the blue 
cone mentioned above, and it is most active near its 
point. 
(c) FLAME TESTS. 
This test is made by holding a small bit 
of the mineral in a pair of _ platinum-tiped 
forceps or wrapped in platinum wire in the colorless 
flame just beyond the cone and noting the coloration of 
flame produced. The platinum tips or wire should be 
cleaned between tests. 
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