4 FIELDS, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. 



him into free intercourse with nature, make of him a 

 conscious part of the grand whole, a partner in the 

 highest enjoyments of science and art, of free work and 

 creation. 



Nations, too, refuse to be specialised. Each nation 

 is a compound aggregate of tastes and inclinations, 

 of wants and resources, of capacities and inventive 

 powers. The territory occupied by each nation is 

 again a most varied texture of soils and climates, of 

 hills and valleys, of slopes leading to a still greater 

 variety of territories and races. Variety is the distinctive 

 feature, both of the territory and its* inhabitants ; and 

 that variety implies a variety of occupations. Agri- 

 culture calls manufactures into existence, and manu- 

 factures support agriculture. Both are inseparable ; 

 and the combination, the integration of both, brings 

 about the grandest results. In proportion as technical 

 knowledge becomes eveiybody's virtual domain, in pro- 

 portion as it becomes international, and can be concealed 

 no longer, each nation acquires the possibility of apply- 

 ing the whole variety of her energies to the whole 

 variety of industrial and agricultural pursuits. Know- 

 ledge ignores artificial political boundaries. So also 

 do the industries ; and the present tendency of humanity 

 is to have the greatest possible variety of industries 

 gathered in each country, in each separate region, side 

 by side with agriculture. The needs of human ag- 

 glomerations correspond thus to the needs of the 

 individual ; and while a temporary division of functions 

 remains the surest guarantee of success in each separate 

 undertaking, the permanent division is doomed to dis- 

 appear, and to be substituted by a variety of pursuits 

 intellectual, industrial, and agricultural corresponding 

 to the different capacities of the individual, as well as to 

 the variety of capacities within every human aggregate. 



When we thus revert from the scholastics of our 

 text-books, and examine human life as a whole, we 



