THE DECENTRALISATION O* INDUSTRIES. 19 



emancipation from Liverpool, by means of a cotton 

 exchange established at Bremen, is in fair progress.* 



In the woollen trade the number of spindles was 

 rapidly doubled, and in 1894 the value of the exports 

 of woollen goods attained "8,220,300, out of which 

 907,569 worth were sent to the United Kingdom. t 

 The flax industry has grown at a still speedier rate, and 

 as regards silks Germany, with her 87,000 looms and a 

 yearly production valued at 9,000,000, is second only 

 to France. 



The progress realised in the German chemical trade 

 is well known, and it is only too badly felt in Scotland 

 and Northumberland ; while the reports on the Ger- 

 man iron and steel industries which one finds in the 

 publications of the Iron and Steel Institute and in the 

 inquiry which was made by the British Iron Trade 

 Association, show how formidably the production of pig- 

 iron and of finished iron has grown in Germany for the 

 last twenty years. (See Appendix C.) No wonder that 

 the imports of iron and steel into Germany were reduced 

 by one-half during the same twenty years while the 

 exports grew nearly four times. As to the machinery 

 works, if the Germans have committed the error of too 

 slavishly copying English patterns, instead of taking a 

 new departure and of creating new patterns, as the 

 Americans did, we must still recognise that their copies 

 are good and that they very successfully compete in 

 cheapness with the tools and machinery produced in this 

 country. (See Appendix D.) I hardly need mention 

 the superior make of German scientific apparatus. It 

 is well known to scientific men, even in France. 



In consequence of the above, all imports of manu- 



* Cf. Schulze Gawernitz, Der Grossbftrieb, etc. Sec Appendix E. 



f The imports of German woollen stuffs into this country have steadily 

 grown from 607,444 in 1890 to 907,569 in 1894. The British exports 

 to Germany (of stuffs and yarns) were valued at 2,769,392 in 1890 and 

 3,017,163 in 1894. 



