26 FIELDS, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. 



tinued to import nearly the same amount of British 

 cotton goods (slightly reduced since), she threw already 

 then (in 1887) on the foreign markets no less than 

 3.63 5>5 10 worth of her own cottons of Lancashire 

 patterns ; she exported 33,000,000 yards of grey cotton 

 piece goods manufactured in India with Indian work- 

 men. And the export has continued to grow since, so 

 that in the years 1891-93, 73,000,000 to 80,000,000 

 yards of cotton piece goods were exported,* as well as 

 from 161,000,000 to 189,000,000 Ib. of yarn. Finally, 

 in 1897, the value of the yarns and textiles exported 

 reached the respectable figure of 14,073,600 tens of 

 rupees. 



The jute factories in India have grown at a still 

 speedier rate,t and the once flourishing jute trade of 

 Dundee was brought to decay, not only by the high 

 tariffs of continental powers, but also by Indian com- 

 petition. Even woollen mills have lately been started, 

 while the iron industry took a sudden development in 

 India, since the means were found, after many experi- 

 ments and failures, to work furnaces with local coal. In 

 a few years, we are told by specialists, India will be self- 

 supporting for iron. Nay, it is not without apprehen- 

 sion that the English manufacturers see that the imports 

 of Indian manufactured textiles to this country are 

 steadily growing, while in the markets of the Far East 

 and Africa India becomes a serious competitor to the 

 mother country. But why should she not? What 

 might prevent the growth of Indian manufactures? Is 



* 312,000 bales were exported to China and Japan in 1893, instead of 

 1 12, 100 bales ten years before. 



f In 1882 they had 5633 looms and 95,937 spindles. Two years later 

 (1884-85) they had already 6926 looms and 131,740 spindles, giving occu- 

 pation to 51,900 persons. Now, or rather in 1895, -the twenty-eight 

 jute mills of India have 10,580 looms and 216,140 spindles (doubled in 

 twelve years) and they employ a daily average number of 78,809 persons. 

 The progress realised in the machinery is best seen from these figures. 

 The exports of jute stuffs from India were 1,543,870 in 1884-85 and 

 5,213,900 in 1895. (See Appendix H.) 



