SMALL INDUSTRIES AND INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 155 



fifteen years old in this region), and other thousands are 

 busy in cutting various less precious stones. All this 

 is done in quite small workshops supplied by water- 

 power. The extraction of ice from some lakes and the 

 gathering of oak-bark for tanneries complete the picture 

 of these busy villages, where industry joins hands with 

 agriculture, and modern machines and appliances are so 

 well put in the service of the small workshops. 



Finally, omitting a mass of small trades, I will only 

 name the hat-makers of the Loire, the stationery of the 

 Ardeche, the fabrication of hardware in the Doubs, the 

 glove-makers of the Isere, the broom and brush-makers 

 of the Oise (valued at 800,000 per annum), and the 

 house machine-knitting in the neighbourhoods of Troyes. 

 But I must say a few words more about two important 

 centres of small industries : the Lyons region and Paris. 



At the present time the industrial region of which 

 Lyons is the centre * includes the departments of Rhone, 

 Loire, Drdme, Sa6ne-et-Loire, Ain, the southern part of 

 the Jura department, and the western part of Savoy, 

 as far as Annecy, while the silkworm is reared as far as 

 the Alps, the Ce"vennes Mountains, and the neighbour- 

 hoods of Ma"con. It contains, besides fertile plains, 

 large hilly tracts, also very fertile as a rule, but covered 

 with snow during part of the winter, and the rural popu- 

 lations are therefore bound to resort to some industrial 

 occupation in addition to agriculture ; they find it in 

 silk-weaving and various small industries. Altogether 

 it may be said that the region lyonnaise is characterised 

 as a separate centre of French civilisation and art, and 

 that a remarkable spirit of research, discovery and in- 

 vention has developed there in all directions scientific 

 and industrial 



The Croix Rousse at Lyons, where the silk-weavers 



* For further details see Appendix O. 



