206 FIELDS, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. 



as we suppose, he simply would have made an appeal 

 to volunteers for facts and partial exploration, and 

 thousands of explorers would have answered his appeal. 

 Scores of societies would have come to life to debate 

 and to solve each of the partial problems involved in the 

 theory, and in ten years the theory would have been 

 verified ; all those factors of evolution which only now 

 begin to receive due attention would have appeared in 

 their full light The rate of scientific progress would 

 have been tenfold ; and if the individual would not have 

 the same claims on posterity's gratitude as he has now, 

 the unknown mass would have done the work with more 

 speed and with more prospect for ulterior advance than 

 the individual could do in his lifetime. Mr. Murray's 

 dictionary is an illustration of that kind of work the 

 work of the future. 



However, there is another feature of modern science 

 which speaks more strongly yet in favour of the change 

 we advocate. While industry, especially by the end of 

 the last century and during the first part of the present 

 has been inventing on such a scale as to revolutionise 

 the very face of the earth, science has been losing its 

 inventive powers. Men of science invent no more, or 

 very little. Is it not striking, indeed, that the steam- 

 engine, even in its leading principles, the railway-engine, 

 the steamboat, the telephone, the phonograph, the 

 weaving-machine, the lace-machine, the lighthouse, the 

 macadamised road, photography in black and in colours, 

 and thousands of less important things, have not been 

 invented by professional men of science, although none 

 of them would have refused to associate his name with 

 any of the above-named inventions ? Men who hardly 

 had received any education at school, who had merely 

 picked up the crumbs of knowledge from the tables of 

 the rich, and who made their experiments with the most 

 primitive means the attorney's clerk Smeaton, the in- 

 strument-maker Watt, the brakesman Stephenson, the 



