APPENDIX. 245 



is mostly made in small workshops, chiefly at Lyons, with 

 only a few workshops of the kind in the villages. Dyeing 

 and finishing are also made, of course, in great factories, 

 a..d it is especially in dyeing, which occupies 4000 to 5000 

 hands, that the Lyons manufacturers have attained their 

 highest repute. Not only silks are dyed there, but also 

 cottons and wools, and not only for France, but also to some 

 extent for London, Manchester, Vienna, and even Moscow. 

 It is also in this branch that the best machines have to be 

 mentioned.* 



As to the weaving, it is made, as we just saw, on from 

 20,000 to 25,000 power-looms and from 75,000 to 90,000 

 hand-looms, which partly are at Lyons (from 15,000 to 18,000 

 hand-looms in 1885) and chiefly in the villages. The work- 

 shops, where one might formerly find several compagnons 

 employed by one master, have a tendency to disappear, the 

 workshops mostly having now but from two to three hand- 

 looms, on which the father, the mother and the children are 

 working together. In each house, in each storey of the Croix 

 Rousse, you find until now such small workshops. The 

 -fabricant gives the general, indications as to the kind of 

 stuff he desires to be woven, and his draughtsmen design the 

 pattern, but it is the workman himself who must find the way 

 to weave in threads of all colours the patterns sketched on 

 paper. He thus continually creates something new ; and 

 many improvements and discoveries have been made by 

 workers whose very names remain unknown. t 



The Lyons weavers have retained until now the character 

 of being the elite of their trade in higher artistic work in silk 

 stuffs. The finest, really artistic brocades, satins and velvets, 

 are woven in the smallest workshops, where one or two looms 

 only are kept. Unhappily the unsettled character of the 

 demand for such a high style of work is often a cause of 

 misery amongst them. In former times, when the orders for 



* La fabrique lyonnaise de soieries. Son passe, son present. Imprim 

 par ordre de la Chambre de Coinmerce de Lyon, 1873. (Published in 

 connection with the Vienna Exhibition.) 



t Marius Morand, L' organisation ouvriere de la fabrique lyonnaise 

 paper read before the Association Fran9aise pour 1'avancement de 

 Sciences, in 1873. 



