APPENDIX. 247 



when they are grown up, they discover that they cannot main- 

 tain themselves at the low wages offered by the factory; but 

 they can no more return to peasant life. It is easy to see what 

 havoc the factory is thus doing in the villages, and how un- 

 settled is its very existence, based upon the very low wages 

 offered to country girls. It destroys the peasant home, it 

 renders the life of the town worker still more precarious on 

 account of the competition it makes to him ; and the trade 

 itself is in a perpetual state of unsettledness. 



P. SMALL INDUSTRIES AT PARIS. 



It would be impossible to enumerate here all the varieties 

 of small industries which are carried on at Paris ; nor would 

 such an enumeration be complete, because every year new in- 

 dustries are brought into life. I therefore will mention only 

 a few of the most important industries. 



A great number of them are connected, of course, with 

 ladies' dress. The connections, that is, the making of various 

 parts of ladies' dress, occupy no less than 22,000 operatives 

 at Paris, and their production attains ,3,000,000 every year, 

 while gowns give occupation to 15,000 women, whose annual 

 production is valued at ,2,400,000. Linen, shoes, gloves, 

 and so on, are as many important branches of the petty 

 trades and the Paris domestic industries, while one-fourth 

 part of the stays which are sewn in France (500,000 out of 

 2,000,000) are made at Paris. 



Engraving, book-binding, and all kinds of fancy stationery, 

 as well as the manufacture of musical and mathematical in- 

 struments, are again as many branches in which the Paris 

 workmen excel. Basket-making is another very important 

 item, the finest sorts only being made in Paris, while the 

 plainest sorts are made in the above-mentioned centres 

 (Haute Marne, Aisne, etc.). Brushes are also made in small 

 workshops, the trade being valued at 800,000 both at 

 Paris and in the neighbouring department of Oise. 



For furniture, there are at Paris as many as 4340 work- 

 shops, in which three or four operatives per workshop are 



