20 RANUNCULACE^E. CALTHA. 



TROLLIUS. 



leaves and white or yellow flowers Sepals 5-15. petaloid. Pet- 

 als none. Stamens numerous Pistils 5-15, several ovuled, be- 

 coming several-seeded, flattened follicles that are dehiscent their 

 whole length on the inner edge. 



C. leptosepala DC. Syst. i, 310. Stems erect, 2-8 inches high, 1-2-flow- 

 ered ; the lower flower subtended by a petaloid lanceolate bract : leaves 

 roundish- to oblong-cordate, longer than wide, irregularly crenate -toothed : 

 sepals white tinged with purple outside, lanceolate, acute, 5-8 lines long: 

 follicles obscurely stipitate. Wet meadows, Mount Adams Washington to 

 the Rocky Mountains and Alaska. 



C. biflora DC. Syst. i, 310. Stems scape-like, 5-12 inches high, 1-2-flo- 

 wered: leaves round-reniform, with broad overlapping base, broader than 

 long, 1-4 inches broad, obscurely crenate : sepals white, oblong to spatulate, 

 obtuse, 6-10 lines long: follicles distinctly stipitate when mature. In 

 cold bogs and rivulets of high mountains. California to Alaska.. 



C. palustris L. Sp. i, 784. Stems erect or ascending, rather thick and 

 succulent, 6-10 inches long or more, corymbosely or dichotomously branch- 

 ed above : lower leaves 2-4 inches broad, cordate or reniform, on petioles 

 3-9 inches or more long, crenately or acutely dentate, or quite entire ; cau- 

 line leaves on shorter petioles : flowers few, pedunculate, yellow ; sepals 5- 

 6, broadly oval, 6-9 lines long: follicles oblong, somewhat curved, mucron- 

 ate with the, at length, nearly straight style. In marshes, Oregon to 

 Alaska and the Atlantic States and Canada. 



8 TROLLIUS L. Gen. n. 700. 



Glabrous perennial herbs with palmataly lobed or dissected 

 leaves, and few 7 or solitary yellow or lilac flowers. Sepals 5-15, 

 regular, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5-8, small, 1 -lipped, tubu- 

 lar at base. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Follicles sessile, 

 somewhat cylindrical, many-seeded. Seeds oblong with a smooth 

 crustaceous testa. 



T. laxjis Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 303 Stems erect, 1-2 feet high: 

 leavespalmately divided ; the segments many-cleft : sepals 5-6, spreading, 

 ochroleucous with a tinge of greeri beneath : petals 15-25, deep orange-yel- 

 low. Headwaters of the Skokomish river, Olympic Mountains Washing- 

 ton, and the eastern States. 



9 COPTIS Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 305. 



Low, smooth and shining evergreen herbs with 1 3-flowered 

 scapes and ternate or quinate leaves. Flowering in very early 

 spring. Sepals 5-7, petaloid. Petals as many, thread-like, en- 

 larging and cucullate near the upper end or near the middle. 

 Stamens 10-25. Follicles 312, stipitate, several seeded. Seeds 

 with shining crustaceous testa. 



1. CHRYZA Gray Gen. 111. i, 38. Sepals oval. Petals shorter 

 than the stamens, clavate, with enlarged and thickened, hollow, 

 .nectariferous summit. Leaflets 3, rarely 5, subsessile and undi- 

 vided. Scapes 1 -flowered. 



C. trifolia Salisb. 1. c. Leaves trif oliolate ; leaflets cuneiform-obovate, 

 mucronately toothed, obscurely 3-lobed, about an inch long : scapes slen- 

 der, 3-5 inches high, 1-flowered: sepals 5-7, oblong, obtuse, white pet- 

 als shorter than the sepals, cucullate-obconic, white with yellow base, 

 soon deciduous : follicles ovate-oblong, longer than the style, equaled by 



