VIOLA. VIOLACE^. 69' 



short-pointed. In moist places, eastern Oregon and Washington to Brit 

 Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. 



-*- -t- Rootstock thickish and creeping, commonly sending off leafy 

 and floriferous stolons or runners above ground : leaves round-cor- 

 date and merely crenulate : lateral petals usually bearded : spur short 

 and saccate. 



V. Langsdorffii Fisch. in DC. Prod, i, 296. Glabrous or nearly so : 

 stems weak and declined or ascending 1-12 inches long from a creeping 

 scaly rootstock: leaves reniform to cordate, crenately serrate, the lower 

 ones on petioles that about equal the stems ; stipules lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate, 6-10 lines long: flowers usually pale blue, 9-12 lines long 

 with short saccate spur, lateral petals white with a small bearded spot 

 near the base: stigma small, rounded. In marshes along the coast from 

 Crescent City, California to Alaska. 



+. ._ .,_ Rootstock long and filiform extensively creeping under- 

 ground : plants low or small : spur saccate. 



** Corolla blue or purple. 



V. palustris L. Sp. ii, 934(7). Wholly glabrous : rootstock long and 

 filiform, extensively creeping underground ; leaves round-cordate with a 

 broad sinus and rounded summit, 1-2 inches in diameter, obscurely cre- 

 nate, scapes 2-4 inches high, much longer than the leaves : flowers pale 

 lilac to white, lateral petals sparsely if at all bearded 3-4 lines long, spur 

 short and rounded. In marshes of the high mountains, California to 

 Alaska and east to the New England States and Labrador, Europe and 

 northern Asia. 



++ Corolla always white, mostly with purple lines on the lower 

 petal ; stigma as if truncate and margined, and antrorsely short- 

 pointed. 



= Leaves round-cordate or reniform, on slender marginless 

 petioles. 



V. blanda Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 24. Glabrous or nearly so: stems 

 very short or none, from slender creeping rootstocks with numerous 

 fibrous rootlets : leaves thin, crenulate, from ovate-cordate to round-ren- 

 ifprm, 6-18 lines broad, on slender petioles as long: scapes 1-3 inches 

 high : sepals a line long, from oblong to almost ovate-lanceolate scarious- 

 margined : petals white, oblong 3-4 lines long, usually all beardless, the 

 lower ones conspicuously dark-veiny ; spur short, saccate, rounded. In 

 wet places in the mountains from California to Alaska and the Atlantic 

 States. 



V. Macloskeyi F. E. Lloyd Eryth. iii, 74. Whole plant glabrous: 

 rootstock slender, creeping, bearing three or four leaves and at length a 

 few runners : leaves reniform with a shallow sinus ; the lamina slightly 

 decumbent down the slender petiole, the margin obscurely crenate-serrate : 

 stipules ovate acute : peduncles 1-3 inches long : petals white, very thin 

 and translucent, the spur very short and saccate ; lateral petals bearded. 

 Springy places in the Cascade Mountains about Mt. Hood. 



= = Leaves from linear to spatulate or ovate or subcordate, the 

 base decurrent into a margined petiole : sometimes leafy along sum- 

 mer stolons. 



Y. occidentalis. V. primulsefolia var. occidentalis Gray Bot. Gaz. xi 

 255. Glabrous throughout : rootstock short, not creeping but propagating 

 by long filiform runners : leaves ovate to spatulate-oblong, attenuate at 

 base to a long slender petiole, obscurely crenate : scapes 3-6 inches high 

 not exceeding the leaves : petals white the lower ones veined with purple, 

 lateral ones bearded; 4-6 lines long, spur saccate, stigma truncate, mar- 

 gined and antrorsely short-pointed. In marshes, eastern base of the Coast 



