70 VIOL ACE JE. VIOLA. 



Mountains near the Oregon and California line. 



* * Subcaulescent by leafy stolons, or caulescent with 2-3 leaved 

 stems. Stigma terminal beardless and beakless. 1 



-*- Leaves undivided, at most only cuneate toothed. 



V. sarmentosa Dougl, in Hook. Fl. i, 80. Sparingly pubescent : stems 

 weak and decumbent : multiplying by long filiform rootstocks : leaves 

 rounded-cordate, reniform or sometimes ovate, %-l)4 inches broad, finely 

 crenate, usually punctate with numerous dark dots : peduncles mostly ex- 

 ceeding the leaves : flowers yellow, lateral petals with a bunch of long 

 scales at the base of the blade ; spur shprt and saccate. In open forests, 

 Brit. Columbia to California. 



V. orbiculata Geyer Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. vi, 73. Rootstpck short 

 and thick, with few fibrous rootlets : stems at first very short with a pair 

 of scarious acutely triangular stipules at the base of the peduncles, at 

 length sarmentose with a few small leaves and bearing cleistogamous flow- 

 ers : leaves mostly basal, orbicular to oblong, cordate with deep narrow 

 sinus, crenulate, 1-2 inches broad, glabrous below, pubescent with short 

 stout appressed scattered hairs above, sepals oblong to nearly lanceolate ; 

 petals yellow, the lower one purple veined, spurs short and saccate : stigma 

 beakless, bearded on the sides. In open forests, Cascade Mountains in 

 Oregon to Idaho and Alaska. 



V. purpurea Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. i, 56. More or less pubescent 

 with more or less spreading hairs, steins clustered from branching perpen- 

 dicular root 2-6 inches long : leaves semi-orbicular to ovate or lanceolate, 

 cuneate or truncate at base 6-12 lines long, entire or coarsely crenate, of- 

 ten purple-veined : peduncles but little longer than the leaves : petals 4-6 

 lines long, light yellow more or less tinged withtlark purple outside: cap- 

 sule globular, pubescent. On dry open hillsides, Oregon to California. 



*- *- Leaves 3-parted, with more or less lobed or cleft segments. 

 T. Sheltonii Torr. Pacif. R. B. Rep. iv. 67, t. 2. Glabrous or nearly 

 so: leaves round-reniform to cordate in outline, 3-parted, the divisions 

 lobed and cleft into linear or oblong segments : peduncles shorter than 

 the leaves: petals yellow veined with purple. Wooded mountains, south- 

 western Oregon to California. 



* * * Subcaulescent, first flowering from the ground, from erect or 

 ascending rootstocks, not stoloniferous or creeping: stipules partly 

 and variably adnate : corolla mostly yellow with short saccate spur : 

 stigma beakless, sometimes with a short lip, concave, mostly orbicu- 

 lar, antros-terminal or slightly oblique at the large and gibbous cla- 

 vate summit of the style ; bearded below its margin on each side by a 

 tnft or sometimes by nearly a ring of stiff and reflexed spreading 

 .bristles. 



-*- Leaves undivided, round ovate or subcordate to lanceolate : lat- 

 eral petals either slightly bearded or beardless. 



T. Xuttallii Pursh Fl. i, 174. Glabrous or the leaf margins finely and 

 densely ciliate, root thick, perpendicular ; stems scarcely any, leaves lan- 

 ceolate, nearly entire, attenuate to a long petiole, stipules lanceo- 

 late ; spur very short and saccate : pubescence of the depressed beakless 

 stigma minute. Plains of the Blue Mountains of Oregon to the Rocky 

 Mountains and Kansas. 



T. prsemorsa Dougl. Bot. Reg. t. 1254. Canescent with short spread- 

 ing hairs, stems short, from thick, perpendicular branching roots: leaves 

 from nearly orbicular to lanceolate, densely pubescent below, sparingly so 

 or quite smooth above, irregularly crenate toothed, 6-30 lines long, gradu- 

 ally or abruptly contracted to a slender petiole : stipules scarious, lanceo- 

 late acuminate entire : scapes longer than the leaves, pubescent: sepals 

 linear 4-5 lines long, often minutely ciliate : petals bright yellow, obovate 



