72 VIOLACEJE, VIOLA, 



lowish base and some purple stripes within, the lateral ones with some 

 papillose hairs near the base; spur short and saccate : stigma beakless, 

 bearded on the sides: capsule ovalglabrous. Moist woods, Idaho, Sand- 

 berg (N. 213), to the northern Atlantic States and Canada, 



V. glabella Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 142. Minutely pubescent or glabrous : 

 stems slender from a short fleshy horizontal rhizoma, naked or sparingly 

 leafy below 5-12 inches high : radical leaves on long petioles the upper 

 shortly petioled, reniform-cordate to cordate, acute crenately toothed or 

 crenulate 1-4 inches broad ; flowers bright yellow petals 4-8 lines long : 

 capsule ovate-oblong 3-5 lines long, abruptly beaked. In forests, Alaska 

 to northern California. 



V. ocellata T. & G. Fl, i, 142. Pubescent : stems slender 6-12 inches 

 high from somewhat creeping rootstocks: leaves on very long petioles cor- 

 date-triangular crenately toothed, seldom acuminate : stipules lanceolate 

 somewhat ciliate : peduncles shorter than the leaves : sepals linear : petals 

 oblong lanceolate the upper ones violet or with a deep violet spot on the 

 upper face ; lower ones white or with some yellow and purple veins ; spur 

 very short : stigma strongly bearded on each side. Southern Oregon to 

 middle California. 



V. en n cat <i Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xiv, 290. Glabrous : stems slen- 

 der and somewhat trailing, 3-12 inches long, from a long running root- 

 stock ; leaves rhombic-ovate, acute attenuate into a slender petiole some- 

 what crenately toothed above : peduncles not exceeding the leaves : upper 

 petals deep purple, the others purple and white, 4-6 lines long. South- 

 western Oregon and adjacent California among underbrush. 



***** Caulescent, from more or less creeping rootstocks, or at 

 first flowering nearly acaulescent, erect or spreading: leaves cordate, 

 undivided : corolla from blue to white with projecting, oblong to cylin- 

 drical spur: style moderately thickened upward, beardless. 



V. admica Smith in Bos. Cycl. xxxviii. V. canina var. adunca Gray. 

 Puberulent or nearly glabrous, usually 3-11 inches high, at length send- 

 ing out runners that bear cleistogamous flowers : leaves ovate, more or 

 less cordate at base, /4-1/4 inches long obscurely crenate : peduncles usu- 

 ally longer than the leaves : flowers violet or purple to white : petals 6-8 

 lines long tbe lateral ones bearded, spur as long as the sepals, rather slen- 

 der, hooked or curved. Common from Brit. Columbia to California, east 

 to the Rocky Mountains. 



V. pnberula. V. canina var. puberula Watson in Gray Man. ed- 

 6, 81. Finely puberulent throughout : low, 2 inches high : leaves shallowly 

 or often not at all cordate, mostly small: peduncles but little exceeding 

 the leaves, flowers small, light blue : spurs cylindraceous, more than half 

 the length of the petals. In moist places, Oregon and Washington to the 

 Atlantic States. 



V. Howellii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxii, 308. Stems slender, few- 

 leaved 4-12 inches long : leaves round-reniform to broadly cordate, repand- 

 dentate and ciliate an inch or more wide, on long slender petioles : pedun- 

 cles equalling or surpassing the leaves : flowers large, pale blue or voilet ; 

 spur about half as long as the sepals, straight and blunt. In forests 

 near Portland, Oregon.. 



ORDER X. POLYGALELdE Endl. Gen. 1077. 



Heibs or shrubs with entire leaves and no stipules. Sepals 

 5, distinct, usually persistent, very irregular, three of them 

 exterior and smaller; the two lateral or inner ones larger and 

 usually petal-like: imbricated in the bud. Petals hypogynous, 

 irregular; deciduous; usually only 3; of which one is larger 



