KHAMXUS. RHAMNACE.E. 113 



CEAXOTHUS. 



calyx and stamens 5; petals wanting : fruit black, 3-lobed, 3 lines long, 

 equalling the pedicels. Eastern Washington to California, east to Canada 

 and New England. 



-2 FKANGULA Brongn. 1. c. Seeds and nutlets convex on the 

 back, the raphe lateral; flowers mostly perfect, in pedunculate 

 cymes. 



K. t'alifornicus Esch. Mem. Acad. Petr. x, 281. A spreading shrub 

 4-18 feet high; young branches somewhat tomentose: leaves ovate-oblong 

 to elliptical, 1-4 inches long, 6-18 lines broad, acute or obtuse, mostly 

 rounded at base, denticulate or nearly entire, persistent: peduncles with 

 numerous mostly abortive flowers in subumbellate fascicles: calyx usually 

 5-cleft; petals very small, broadly ovate, emarginate: fruit very dark pur- 

 ple, 3-4 lines in diameter, 2-3-lobed and 2-3-seeded; pulp thin. From 

 Klamath lake, Oregon, to southern California. 



R. occidentalis Howell P. C. PI. Coll. 1887. Erect shrub 2-10 feet 

 high: smooth throughout or the young branches and petioles minutely 

 scabrous: leaves coriaceous, yellowish-green, elliptical, acute .to obtuse or 

 retuse, obscurely repand-dentate, 1-2 inches long by 6-15 lines broad, per- 

 sistent: peduncles with numerous flowers in subumbellate fascicles: calyx 

 usually 5-cleft, the deltoid lobes with a raised callous down the centre: 

 petals small, orbicular, 2-lobed at the summit: fruit black when mature, 

 obscurely 3-lobed; pulp moderately thick. On gravelly hillsides and plains, 

 along the eastern base of the Coast Mountains near Waldo, Josephine Co., 

 Oregon. 



R. Purshiaiia DC. Prodr. ii. 25. CASCARA. A tree 2050 feet high: 

 young branches tomentose: leaves elliptical, 2-7 inches long by 1-3 inches 

 broad, mostly acute, obtuse or cordate at base, denticulate pubescent 

 beneath, thin, deciduous: flowers perfect, comparatively large, in a some- 

 what umbellate cyme; sepals 5; petals 5, small, 2-lobed, embracing the 

 very short stamens: styles united to the summit; stigmas 3: fruit black, 

 turbinate, 3-seeded. Common from Brit. Columbia to California west of 

 the Cascade Mountains. 



CEANOTHUS L. Gen. n. 267. 



Shrubs or small trees with petioled simple leaves and perfect 

 flowers in lateral and terminal dense thyrsoid panicles or corymbs. 

 Calyx 5-cleft, with acute connivent lobes, the upper part at length 

 separating by a transverse line the tube remaining; disk thick, 

 adnate to the turbinate or hemispherical tube and to the ovary. 

 Petals 5, longer than the calyx, saccate and arched, on long claws. 

 Stamens 5, exserted; filaments filiform; anthers, ovate. 2-celled. 

 Styles 3, more or less united below, diverging above. Fruit sub- 

 globose, 3-lobed, surrounded at base by the adnate calyx-tube, 

 soon dry, the 3 crustaceous nutlets at length separating and dehis- 

 cent by the inner suture. Seeds convex on the back. , 



1 CEAXOTHUS proper. Leaves all alternate, 3-ribbed from 

 the base nr pinnately veined, glandular-toothed or entire. Fruit 

 not crested. 



* Leaves 3-ribbed from the base. 



-*- Erpct shrubs, the branches not rigidly divaricate nor spiny: leaves 

 usually large, more or less serrate: inflorescence thyrsoid. 

 *- In florescence on leafless lateral shoots from wood of the previous 



