SANICULA. UMBELLIFER,. 263 



the heads ; bractlets the same : fruit with lanceolate acuminate-cuspidate 

 calyx-lobes longer than the short styles. Wet grounds, Southern Oregon 

 to California. 



E. articnlatvm Hook. Fl. i, 259. Erect, a foot or so high, more or 

 less branching throughout : radical and lower stem leaves reduced to very 

 long jointed petioles, with or without small lanceolate blades; upper stem 

 leaves sessile: involucre of linear cuspidate-tipped and spiny-toothed 

 bracts much longer than the heads ; bractlets tricuspidate, the middle one 

 much the largest, scarcely longer than the flowers : fruit with lanceolate 

 cuspidate-acuminate calyx-lobes hardly longer than the styles. Swamps 

 and wet meadows, Brit. Columbia to California. 



E. Harknessii Curran Bull. Cal. Acad. iii, 153. Erect, slender, 2-4 

 feet high, dichotomously branched above: radical and lower leaves con- 

 sisting only of the jointed fistulous petiole, often very long : stem leaves 

 lanceolate entire, sparingly ciliate-toothed, on jointed petioles of equal 

 length, laciniate-f ringed near the base; upper reduced to sessile laciniate 

 bracts : heads oblong, 6-9 lines in diameter, blue involucre of 8-10 nar- 

 row bracts, exceeding the head, calyx-lobes subulate, equalling the styles. 

 In wet places, Washington to California and Idaho. 



21 SANICULA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 326. 



Smooth herbs with almost naked or few-leaved stems palmate 

 or pinnate leaves with more or less pinnatifid or incised lobes, 

 and greenish yellow or purple flowers in irregularly compound 

 few-rayed umbels. Calyx-lobes somewhat foliaceous, persistent. 

 Fruit sub-globose, densely covered with hooked prickles or tu- 

 berculate. Carpel without ribs. Stylopodium depressed. Oil- 

 tubes mostly large, 3 on the back and 2 on the commissure, or 

 3-19 irregularly distributed. 



* Oil-tubes irregular in number and in distribution. 

 -*- Mature fruit pedicelled : leaves palmately divided. 

 S. urctopoides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 141. Stems very short, 

 from thickened rootstocks, bearing a tuft of leaves and several divergent 

 scape-like branches 2-8 inches long, each bearing an umbel of 1-3 elong- 

 ated rays: leaves deeply palmately 3-lobed, the cuneate divisions once or 

 twice laciniately cleft or dissected with lanceolate acute spreading seg- 

 ments : involucre of 1-2 similar leaf-like bracts ; umbellets large 3-6 lines 

 in diameter, with conspicuous involucels of 8-12 narrowly oblanceolate 

 mostly entire bractlets: flowers yellow : fruit short pedicellate \% lines 

 long naked at base with strong prickles above; seed-face almost plane. On 



Elains and hillsides, Sacramento Valley, California, also Vancouver 

 sland, Brit. Columbia, to be looked for in our range. 



S. Howellii C. & R. Bot. Gaz. xiii, 81 Stems coarse, a foot or less 

 high, often bearing tufts of stout elongated peduncles and leaves ; leaves 

 broad and palmately 3-5-lobed, the upper inclined to be pinnately lobed, 

 the divisions rather sharply cut and toothed, the teeth mucronate-tipped : 

 umbel unequally few-rayed, with involucre of few leaf-like bracts and in- 

 volucels of very prominent Hractlets sometimes much exceeding the large 

 globose head of fruit; flowers yellow: fruit short pedicellate, prickly all 

 over l%-2 lines long, seed-face concave. Sandy seashore, Columbia river 

 to Southern Oregon. 



Menatiesii Hook. & Arn. 1. c. 142. Stem solitary, erect, from a 

 long, thickish perpendicular root, 1-5 feet high, branching: leaves round- 



