BBIGERON COMPOSITE 321 



stems numerous in a rosulate tuft, from a thick perennial root, prostrate, 

 9-12 inches long, Jeafy to the top, bearing solitary or few rather small 

 heads : leaves spatulate or the radical cuneate-obovate, these 1-3 inches 

 long, 6-8 lines wide, cr.arsely 3-5-toothed or incised; cauline more entire, 

 1-2 inches long : involucre 4-6 lines high its bracts somewhat unequal, 

 attenuate-acuminate, the outer often passing into leaves : rays 60-70, pale 

 purplish or pink, 4-6 lines long: pappus rather scanty, shorter than the 

 corolla: achenes terete or nearly so, sparsely pubescent. Under over- 

 hanging cliffs along the Columbia river near the Cascades. 



-i- -(- Rays very narrow, 100 or more, disk only 3-4 lines broad: 

 stems erect, either from a biennial root or from a biennial or winter 

 annual offset. 



E. Philadelphicus L. Sp. ii, 863. Soft-pubescent, or sometimes near- 

 ly glabrous : stems rather slender, strict, mostly branched above, 1-3 feet 

 High: lower leaves spatulate or obovate, obtuse, dentate, 1-3 inches long, 

 narrowed into short petioles; upper cauline leaves clasping and often 

 cordate at base, obtuse or acute, dentate or entire: heads several or 

 numerous corymbose-paniculate, 5-12 lines broad, slender-peduncled : 

 peduncles thickened at the summit : involucre depressed-hemispheric, its 

 bracts linear, usually scarious margined : rays 100-150, 2-6 lines long, rose- 

 purple or pink : achenes puberulent, Along streams and moist meadows 

 throughout North America. 



***** Annuals or sometimes biennials, leafy-stemmed and 

 branching : heads conspicuously radiate. 



+- Rays of the small or barely middle-sized heads very numerous, 

 narrow, with pappus like the disk-flowers; the inner of rather scanty 

 bristles ; the outer of short subulate Equamellae : leaves from entire to 

 sparingly lobed. 



E. diyergeus T, & G. Fl. ii, 175. Cinereous -pubescent or hirsute: 

 stems diffusely branched and spreading, 10-20 inches high : leaves linear- 

 spatulate, or the upper linear and the lowest broader, 1-2 inches long : 

 heads slender-peduncled, 6-8 lines broad, usually numerous: involucre 

 hemispheric, its bracts linear, acute, hirsute or canescent: rays about 100, 

 purplish or violet, to nearly white, 2-6 lines long, pappus double, the short 

 outer row of bristles subulate ; achenes narrow, little compressed, with a 

 broad and whitish truncate apex. Low plains and river-banke, British 

 Columbia to California, Texas and Nebraska. 



-*- +- Rays of the small heads not very numerous nor very narrow; 

 the bristles of their pappus commonly wanting or very few ; outer pappus 

 a short crown of distinct or partly united slender squamellse, persistent 

 after the fragile inner pappus has fallen : leafy-stemmed annuals or 

 biennials. 



E. animus Pers. Syn. ii, 431. Annual; sparingly pubescent with 

 spreading hairs: stems erect, corymbosely branched, 1-4 feet high: leaves 

 thin, the radical and lower cauline ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly 

 obtuse, petioled, usually coarsely dentate, 2-6 inches long by 1-2 

 inches wide; upper cauline lanceolate, oblong or linear-lanceolate, "acute 

 or acuminate, mostly dentate in the middle, sessile or short-petioled ; 

 those of the branches narrower and often entire : Heads rather numerous, 

 5-7 lines broad, mostly short pedunclea: bracts of the hemispheric 

 involucre somewhat hispid : rays 40-70 white, or commonly tinged with 

 purple, 2-4 lines long. In fields and open ridges, Oregon to the Atlantic 

 states. 



E. ramosns. B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 27. E. Strigosus MM. 

 Pubescence appressed, either sparse and strigose or close and minute: 

 stem 1-2 feet high : leaves lanceolate, the upper entire ; the lower from 



