386 COMPOSITE CNICUS 



ends of the branches subtended by the upper leaves. Bracts of 

 the involucre imbricated in several series, the outer ovate, the 

 inner lanceolate, tipped by a pinnately branched spine. Recep- 

 tacle bristly. Achenes terete, striate, laterally attached, the 

 horny margin 10-toothed at the summit. Pappus of 2 series of 

 awns, the inner fimbriate, the outer longer, naked. 



C. BENEDICTUS L. Sp. 826. Hirsute or pubescent : stems low and bran- 

 ching: leaves prominently reticulated, pinuate-pinnatifid or laciniate-den- 

 tate, the teeth or margins prickly ; lower attenuate at base ; upper narrowly 

 oblong, partly clasping by a broad base : heads sessile, inch and a half 

 high, equalled by the upper leaves : bracts of the involucre thin-coriaceous, 

 in few ranks, all or most of them abruptly tipped with a spinescent and 

 pectinately prickly spreading appendage : receptacle densely setose with 

 long and soft capillary bristles : corollas light yellow. In fields pouthern 

 Oregon to California and the Eastern States. Naturalized from Europe. 



SUBORDER II LIGULIFLOR^E DC. Prodr. vii 74. 



Flowers all ligulate and perfect, in a homogamous radiati- 

 form head. 



Tribe ix, CICHORACE^E Juss. Gen. 168. Herbs (or rarely 

 trees} almost always with milky bitter or acrid juice, alternate or 

 all radical leavss and yellow pink blue or white flrwers in involucr- 

 ate heads. Heads homogamous. the flowers all hermaphrodite and 

 with ligulate corolla. Receptacle flat or ftattish. Ligules usually 

 5-toothed at the truncate apex. Anthers sagittate-auriculate at base, 

 not caudate: pollen-grains scabrous, dodecahedral. Style-branches 

 filiform, minutely papillose, not appendaged but stigmatic lines ev- 

 ident only toward the base. 



1 Pappus none. Receptacle naked. 



* Achenes with rounded or somewhat contracted apex and small 

 areola. 



93 Lapsana Heads paniculate: involucre erect: achenes obscurely 

 striate. 



2 Pappus paleaceous or partly so ; or aristiform, or plumose. 



* Caulescent herbs with small or reduced leaves on the rigid stems 

 or branches: receptacle not chaffy: flowers never yellow: achenes 

 usually short with truncate summit, not rostrate. 



94 Ciehorium Flowers blue : pappus of numerous very short and 

 blunt palese in 2 or more series. 



95 Ptiloria Flowers pink or rose-color: pappus a series of plumose 

 bristles or rarely chaffy awns. 



* * Receptacle naked: achenes long-rostrate: pappus a series of 

 long-plumose bristles or awns. 



96 Tragopogon. Flowers yellow or purple: pappus a series of stout 

 bristles somewhat united at base into a ring. 



* * * Involucre sparingly imbricated : receptacle with soft slender 

 chaff among the flowers : achenes either truncate or the inner ones 

 rostrate. 



