HETEROCODON CAMPANULACE,/E 409 



CAMPANULA 



H rariflorum Nutt. 1. c. Sparingly hirsute : stems filiform, leafy, 

 diffusely spreading, 4-12 inches long : leaves orbicular, with cordate partly 

 clasping base coarsely many-toothed, 4-8 lines long : flowers solitary, axil- 

 ary and terminal : calyx with short ovoid or inversely pyramidal tube and 

 foliaceous broadly ovate sparingly toothed veiny lobes : only the later flowers 

 with developed pale blue corolla which barely equals the lobes of the calyx : 

 seeds oblong, obscurely triangular. In wet places and fields, Brit. Colum- 

 bia to California, and Idaho. 



4 CAMPANULA. L. Gen. n. 218. 



Perennial or annual herbs with alternate leaves and usually 

 showy blue or white flowers. Flowers all alike and corolliferous. 

 -alyx with short and broad tube and 5-lobed limb. Corolla 

 campanulate or nearly rotate, 5-lobed or 5-parted. Filaments 

 dilated at base: anthers oblong or linear. Stigmas and cells of 

 the ovary 3-5. Capsule mostly short, opening on the sides or 

 near the base by 3-5 small uplifted valves or perforations. 



* Root perennial : style not longer than the corolla, straight. 

 *- Openings of the capsule toward its summit. 



C. Piperi. Glabious: stems numerous from a multicipital caudex, 1- 

 4 inches high, very leafy to the top, bearing one to several bright blue 

 flowers: leaves cuneate to spatulate, narrowed below to broad petioles, 

 coarsely and sharply serrate, or irregularly dentate, < -18 lines long, those 

 of the shoots withering and persistent for several yeari : calyx-tube short, 

 obconic, the subulate or linear-lanceolate lobes 6-8 lines long, about equal- 

 ling the open-campanulate corolla anthers linear: stigmas usually 3, 

 strongly recurved: capsule almost globular. On cliffs, Mount Steele, 

 Olympic Mountains, Washington. Distributed by Mr. Piper as C. aurita. 



C. scabrella Engelm. Bot. Gaz. vi, 237. Cinereous-puberulent or 

 minutely scabrous to nearly glabrous : numerous stems from a mul- 

 ticipital caudex, 2-5 inches high, 1-4-flowered: leaves thickish; radical 

 spatulate ; upper cauline linear : lobes of the corolla ovate-lanceolate as 

 long as its campanulate tube capsules oblong-turbinate, not narrowed at 

 summit. Grassy slopes, Mount Adams Washington to the highest moun- 

 tains of California 



+- *- Openings of the capsule near the base. 



C. rot undi folia L Sp. 163. Stems slender, erect or diffuse, 6-30 

 inches long, one to several-flowered : lowest leaves orbicular or ovate to 

 cordate, slender-petioled; cauline leaves all linear and sessile : flo\*er-buds 

 erect on the slender pedicels ; flowers drooping or spreading ; calyx-lobes 

 subulate, spreading, longer than the short-turbinate tube ; corolla blue, 

 catnpanulate, 7-12 lines long: capsule obconic or ovoid nodding, opening 

 by short clefts near the base. Common on rocky banks and creek- bottome, 

 Alaska to California and across the Continent Europe and Asia. A varia- 

 ble species, perhaps as here defined includes more than one species. 



* * Root perennial : leaves sharply or laciniately serrate : inflores- 

 cence centrifugal and racemiform: style filiform and straight, exceed- 

 ing the narrow-campanulate corolla : capsule hemispherical or short- 

 turbinate, the openings near the middle or near the base. 



. Scouleri Hook. Fl. ii, t. 125. Glabrous or a little pubescent : steins 

 slender, 6-13 inches long, often branched : leaves from ovate to lanceolate, 

 1-3 inches long, acute and acutely serrate, mostly tapering at base to a 

 margined petiole : flowers more or less panicled, drooping, on long filiform 

 pedicels, pale blue, the terminal one opening first : calyx with oblong tube 



