424 PfKOLACE^E PYROLA 



white pink or red, perfect and nearly regular flowers solitary 

 or in racemes or corymbs. Calyx 4- or 5-lobed. Corolla very 

 deeply 4- or 5-parted, or of 5 petals. Stamens twice as many 

 as the divisions of the corolla. Anthers introrse in the bud, 

 inverted when mature, opening by pores or short slits. Pol- 

 len of 4 united grains. Ovary superior, 4- or 5-celled. Style 

 short or slender, often declined. Ovules very numerous, anat- 

 ropous. Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds min- 

 ute, with a loose cellular coat much larger than the nucleus. 



1 Pyrola Flowers several or numerous, racemose on a scape-like pedun- 



cle: style long and usually declined. 



2 Moneses Flower solitary, on a scape : style long and straight. 



3 Chimaphila Flowers few to numerous, in a corymb or umbel on a 



leafy stem. 



1 PYROLA L. Gen. n. 554. 



Acaulescent or subcaulescent perennials with all radical ever- 

 green leaves and rather small white, greenish, or red flowers in 

 racemes on simple scaly-bracted scapes. Calyx 5-parted, persis- 

 tent. Petals 5, concave, or incurved and more or less converging, 

 sessile and deciduous. Stamens 10, declined, or straight and 

 connivent : filaments subulate, glabrous: anthers erect in the bud, 

 emarginate or 2-beaked at the base, mostly reversed at maturity, 

 each cell opening by a basal but apparently apical pore. Style 

 straight or declined: stigma annulate, 5-lobed or 5-toothed Cap- 

 sule subglobose, the apex and base intruded, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 

 loculicidally 5-valved from the base, the valves woolly on the 

 margins when opening. 



P. minor L. Sp. 396. Scapes 6-10 inches high, 7-16 flowered: leaves 

 orbicular to oval, rather thin, obscurely serrulate or crenulate, 9-18 lines 

 long, rounded or slightly narrowed or subcordate at base: pedicels recurved, 

 rather crowded: flowers white or pinkish, 3-4 lines broad: calyx-lobes mostly 

 triangular -ovate and acute: petals orbicular, naked at the base, globose- 

 connivent: stamens equally connivent around the pistil: anthers not narrow- 

 ed below the openings: style straight, much shorter than the ovary, included: 

 stigma large, peltate, obscurely 5-lobed . In the Cascade mountains of Ore- 

 gon to Alaska and across the Continent . 



P. secnnda L. Sp. 396. Somewhat caulescent from a branching base: 

 scape-like peduncles slender, 4-10 inches high: leaves ovate to oval, mostly 

 thin, acute, or rarely obtuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base: 

 crenulate-serrate, 1-2 inches long; flowers numerous, in a secund raceme: 

 pedicels at first merely spreading, in fruit recurved: petals greenish, with a 

 pair of glands at the base of each, campanulate-connivent: stamens equally 

 connivent around the pistil; anthers not narrowed below the openidgs: style 

 straight, as long or longer than the petals; stigma peltate, 4-lobed, the lobes 

 at length radiately projecting beyond the border. In mountainous districts, 

 California to Alaska and across the Continent. Europe and Japan. 



P. chlorantha Swartz Act. Holm. 1810, 190, t. 5. Scapes 6-12 inches 

 high, 3-10-flowered: leaves small, 6-12 lines in diameter, orbicular or nearly 

 so, coriaceous, not shining, shorter than their petioles: flowers nodding, 6-7 



