610 FAGACE^E QUERCUB 



tillate solitary or in small spikes, each surrounded by an involu- 

 cre of partly or wholly united bracts which becomes a burr or 

 cup. Staminate flowers with a 4-7-lobed calyx and 4-20 sta- 

 mens: filaments slender, distinct: anther-cells adnate, longitud- 

 inally dehiscent. Pistillate flowers with a 4-8-lobed urn-shaped 

 or o blong calyx adnate to the 3-7-celled ovary : ovules 1 or 2 in 

 each cell, but only 1 in each ovary maturing, pendulous, ana- 

 tropous. Styles as many as cells of the ovary, terminally or 

 longitudinally stigmatic. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Seed with- 

 out albumen. Embryo straight, with small apical radical and 

 large fleshy albumen. 



1 Quercns Involucres 1-flowered, becoming a cup. 



2 Castanopsis Involucre 1-5-flowered, becoming a prickly burr. 



QUERCUS L. Sp. 994. 



Trees or shrubs with alternate deciduous or evergreen leaves 

 and small flowers. Staminate flowers numerous, in slender most- 

 ly drooping aments subtended by caducous bracts. Calyx mostly 

 6-lobed, campanulate. Stamens 6-12, with filiform filaments. 

 Pistillate flowers with a mostly urn-shaped or oblong calyx, adnate 

 to a 3-celled ovary: ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary, rarely more 

 than one in each ovary maturing. Styles as many as cells of the 

 ovary, short, erect or recurved. Fruit a solitary oblong, ovoid or 

 subglobose coriaceous 1-seeded nut, called an acorn, subtended by 

 or almost included in the more or less united bracts of the 

 involucre. 



1 Staminate aments naked, from the previous season's bud 

 or from the lower part of the present season's shoots : pendulous : 

 filaments not longer than the anthers. Pistillate flowers above 

 the staminate aments, from the axils of young leaves : stigmas 

 dilated. 



* Abortive ovules at the base or at the side of the seed : stamens 

 5-10, usually 6-8 stigmas sessile or stibsessile. 



*- Acorns maturing the first season, glabrous within. 

 * Leaves deciduous. 



Q. Garryana Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 159. A small shrub to a large tree, 

 2-150 feet high, the trunk often 3 feet in diameter, with light-colored bark : 

 branchlets rather rigid, tomentose : leaves 4-6 inches long by 2-5 inches 

 wide, coarsely lobed, the lobes broad or sometimes acutish, entire or again 

 notched or lobed, dull green on the upper s de, pale yellowish or whitish 

 and strongly reticulated as well as somewhat pubescent beneath, on peti- 

 oles 6-12 lines long: calyx lobes 7 or 8, linear-lanceolate, ciliate: anthers 

 6-8: acorns sesPile or nearly so; cup shallow, its scales lanceolate, some- 

 what pubescent, flat or tuberculate-thickened at base : nut oval to obovate- 

 oblong, obtuse, about an inch long. Common from Brit. Columbia to 

 California. 



Q. Jacob! R. Br. Campst. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th ser. vii 255. 

 A middle-sized or large tree, branching from near the base and forming a 

 compact head : trunk 1-3 feet in diameter, with rather thick fissured gray 



