612 FAGACE^E QCERCUS 



CASTANOPSIS 



tree 60-90 feet high and 1-6 feet in diameter, with rough black bark, the 

 slender twigs soon glabrate: leaves deciduous, broadly oval in outline, 

 deeply sinuate-lobed, the lobes entire or coarsely lobed and slender-pointed, 

 obtuse to subcordate at base, on petioles about an inch long, puberulent 

 both sides, 4-7 inches long: acorns matu ing the second season, mostly 

 short-pedicelled, solitary or 2-4 together; cups an inch or less broad, with 

 ovate-lanceolate obtusish imbricated scales, hemispherical, often very 

 deep; nuts oblong, 12-16 lines long by 10-12 in diameter, Common on 

 plains and hillsides from the Willamette Valley Oregon to California. 



1 Aments erect persistent, pistillate at base and staminate 

 above or entirely staminate. Filaments slender, many times 

 longer than the very small anthers. Stigmas linear. Fruit ma- 

 turing the same season. 



Q. densiflora H. & A. Bot. Beech. 391. A middle-sized tree or shrub 

 10-100 feet high with mostly smooth bark and tomnntose branchlets : 

 leaves oblong, acute, obtuse or rarely acute at base, entire with revolute 

 margins or sometimes dentate, tomentose, especially beneath, at length 

 glabrate and whitish beneath, 2-5 inches long, ^-2 inches wide, on peti- 

 soles 3^6 lines long : aments 4-6 inches long densely flowered, tomentose : 

 flowers in glomerules of 3, supported by 3 bracts: calyx of 5 broad woolly 

 lobes : anthers 10 : acorns solitary or in short .peduncled clusters : cups very 

 shallow, 8-15 lines broad, covered with linear rigid spreading or recurved 

 scales, silky-tomentose inside: nuts oval or oblong, acute or obtuse, 12-18 

 lines long, with very thick shell, densely tomentose inside. Along streams 

 southwestern Oregon to southern California. 



5 CASTANOPSIS Spach. 



Trees or shrubs with coriaceous evergreen leaves and small 

 monoecious flowers in axillary aments, the fruit maturing the 

 following season. Staminate flowers in slender panicled aments 

 upon the young shoots, with regular 5 6-lobed calyx and usually 

 twice as many stamens. Pistillate flowers 1-3, in a scaly involu- 

 cre, sessile at the base of the aments: lobes of the calyx 6, in 2 

 rows. Styles usually 3. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 amphitropous 

 ovules at the lower angle of each cell. Nuts 1-3, enclosed in the 

 subglobose involucre which is densely covered with stout branch- 

 ed prickles, at length bursting irregularly. Seed solitary. 



C. chrysophylla A. DC. Seem. Journ. Bot. i, 182. A shrub or mid- 

 dle sized tree, 6-80 feet high : leaves lanceolate or oblong, 1-4 inches long, 

 acuminate or only acutich, cuneate at base and shortly petioled, entire, 

 glabrous, or sometimes scurfy, above, densely scurfy beneath with more 

 or less yellow scales : aments 1-3 inches long, densely pubescent : styles 3, 

 stout, glabrous, divergent: spines of the involucre 6-12 lines long, subver- 

 ticillately many-branched : nuts usually solitary obtusely triangular, 6 

 lines long. On dry hillsides, from the Columbia river to California. 



ORDER LXXXIX CORYLACE^. 



Small trees or shubs with alternate leaves and small flowers in 

 axillary aments or clusters. Staminate flowers in aments, with- 

 out floral envelopes each subtended by a scale-like bract : sta- 

 mens several, with often divided filaments and distinct anther- 

 cells. Pistillate flowers in short spikes, 2 to each bract, with 



