626 ORCHIDACE^E CALYPSO 



CORALLORHIZA 



1 CALYPSO Salisb. Par, Lond, t. 89. 



Low herbs with a single bracted scape-like stem, solitary green 

 radical leaf and a large terminal showy flower. Smaller lobes of 

 the perianth similar and nearly equal : the lip comparatively large, 

 saccate, with 2 short spurs below the apex, becoming inferior by the 

 pedicel curving backward. Column erect broadly winged and petal- 

 oid, oval and concave, bearing the hemispherical anther on the 

 summit. Pollen masses in 2 pairs, the lower smaller, compressed, 

 sessile upon a nearly square membranaceous gland. 



C. borealis Salisb. 1. c. Stem 3-8 inches high with 2 or 3 membrana- 

 ceous brownish-green sheaths and a linear bract at the summit, leaf broadly 

 ovate or slightly cordate, 1-2 inches long, petioled: flowers drooping, pedi- 

 celled : sepals and petals lanceolate, acuminate, light rose-color, 6-9 lines 

 long lip usually slightly longer, inflated saccate, brownish-pink mottled 

 purple, the edge margined at the apex and bifid or entire nearly equalling 

 the tooth-like spurs and with a tuft of (in ours white) hairs at base : 

 column half the length of the petals : capsule oblong-cylindric, an inch long, 

 about equalling the slender pedicel. In damp open forests California to 

 Alaska and the Atlantic States : also in Europe. 



2 CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 209 



Scapose perennial herbs without green leaves from coral-like 

 branched roots, the leaves all reduced to sheathing scales, and more 

 or less showy flowers in terminal racemes. Sepals and petals as- 

 cending, the upper somewhat incurved, similar and nearly equal, 

 but the lateral sepals oblique at base and either decurrent in a 

 short spuradnate to the side of the ovary, or forming a projecting 

 gibbosity above it : lip dilated and more or less recurved, flat or 

 concave, with a pair of somewhat prominent longitudinal ridges 

 near the base. Column semiterete and narrowly margined, 

 broader at base, somewhat incurved, bearing the caducous anther 

 on the summit. Pollen-masses in 2 pairs, distinct, sessile upon a 

 short oblong gland. Capsules reflexed. 



* Spur present: flowers small, yellowish-green or whitish, often 

 tinged or mottled with purple. 



*- Spur more or less prominent : sepals and petals 3-nerved : 

 capsule oblong-cylindric. 



C. multiflora Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. iii, 138, t. 7. Stems 8-20 

 inches high, purplish, clothed with several appressed scales: racemes 2-8 

 inches long, 10-30-flowered : flowers 6-9 lines high, brownish-purple, short- 

 peduncled : petals and sepals somewhat conniyent at base, linear-lanceo- 

 late, about 3 lines long : lip white spotted and lined with purple, oval or 

 ovate in outline, deeply 3-lobed, crenulate, the middle lobe broader than 

 the lateral ones, its apex curved, spur manifest, but wholly adnate to the 

 ovary: column stout % the length of the petals, the margins broader and 

 somewhat thicker at base : capsule ovoid or oblong, 6-9 lines long, narrowed 

 to a stout rather long pedicel. Rather common in open forests at low and 

 middle elevations, Brit. Columbia to California and the Atlantic States. 



C. Mertensiana Bong. Veg. Sitch. 165. Stems 6-20 inches high, dark 

 red or purple, many-flowered : sepals and petals linear-lanceolate, 3-4 lines 

 long, dark red: spur a line long, the lower half free from the ovary: rip 



