688 CYPE RACEME CYPERUS 



DULICH1UM 



obtuse, 2-4 lines long, many-flowered, densely capitate: scales oblong, pale 

 green, 3-nerved, coarsely cellular, conduplicate, with a short sharp more or 

 less recurved tip: stamens 1: style 3-cleft: achenes sharply 3-angled, gray, 

 oblong, narrowed at each end, almost half as long as the scale. In moist 

 sandy soil, California to Oregon and Illinois. 



. esculentus L. Sp. 45. C. phymatoides Muhl. Perennial by scaly 

 horizontal tuber- bearing rootstooks: stems usually stout, 6-30 inches high: 

 leaves bright green, as long or longer than the stem, 2-4 lines wide, the 

 midrib prominent; those of the involucre much longer than the inflorescence: 

 umbel 4-10-rayed, often compound: spikelets numerous, in loose spikes, 

 straw-color or yellowish brown, flat, spreading, 6-12 lines long, many-flow- 

 ered: scales ovate -oblong, subacute, 3-nerved: rachis narrowly winged: 

 stamens 3: style 3-cleft: achenes obovoid, obtuse, 3-angled, In moist sandy 

 fields, Alaska to California and the Atlantic States. 



C. erythrorhizos Muhl. Gram. 20. Stems tufted, stout or slender, 3 

 inches to 2 feet high: leaves 1-4 lines wide, rough-margined, those of the 

 involucre 2-7, some of them often 4 times as long as the inflorescence: umbel 

 mostly compound, several-rayed: spikelets linear-subulate, 3-10 lines long, 

 less than a line wide, compressed, many-flowered, clustered in oblong nearly 

 or quite sessile spikes: scales chestnut-brown, oblong-lanceolate, mucronulate, 

 appressed, separating from the rachis at maturity: the membranous wings of 

 the rachis separating as a pair of hyaline interior scales: stamens three: style 

 three-cleft: achenes sharply 3-angled, oblong, pointed at both ends, pale, f 

 as long as the scale. In wet soil, Oregon to California and the Eastern 

 States. 



C. Honghtoni Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii, 277. Perennial by tuber' 

 like corms: stems slender, erect, 1-2 feet high: leaves shorter than the stem' 

 a line or less wide, smooth; those of the involucre 3-5, the longer much ex" 

 ceeding the inflorescence; umbel simple, 1-5-rayed, the rays mostly short' 

 their sheaths 2-toothed: spikelets loosely capitate, linear, compressed, acute* 

 4-8 lines long, about a line wide, 11-15-flowerecl, falling away from the axi s 

 when mature: chestnut brown, firm, somewhat spreading, shining, oblong, 

 obtuse, truncate or apiculate: rachis very narrowly winged: stamens 3: style 

 3-cleft: achene broadly oblong, H-angled. brown, apiculate, nearly as long as 

 the scale. In sandy soil, along the Columbia river to the Eastern States. 



2 DULICHIUM L. C. Richard Pers. Syn. i, 65. (1805.) 



Tall perennial herbs with terete hollow jointed stems, leafy to 

 the top, the lower leaves reduced to sheaths, flat grass-like leaves 

 and perfect flowers in axillary simple or compound spikes. 

 Spikelets flat, linear, many-flowered. Scales 2- ranked, carinate, 

 conduplicate, decurrent on the joint below. Perianth of 6-9 re- 

 trorsely barbed bristles. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft at the apex, 

 persistent as a beak on the summit of the linear-oblong achene. 



D. spathaceum Pers. Syn. i, 65, Stems stout. 1-3 feet high, erect: 

 leaves numerous, flat, 1-3 inches long, 2-4 lines wide: spikelets shorter than 

 or the uppermost exceeding the leaves: pedicels 2-12 lines long: spikelets 

 narrowly linear, spreading. 6-12 lines long, about a line wide, 6-1 2- flowered-" 

 scales lanceolate, acuminate, appressed, brownish: bristles of the perianth 

 stiff, longer than the achene: style long-exserted. In marshes Oregon to 

 Minnesota and Nova Scotia. 



