710 CYPERACE^E CAREX 



top commonly nodding. Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Eastern States. 



Var. amp Ha Bailey Mem. Torr. Bot. Club i, 53. Very large and 

 stout, 2-3 feet high: heads 1-3 inches long, much branched: perigynia 

 a line or more long, nerved on the back, produced into a long beak." In 

 bogs, Oregon and Washington. 



C. vicaria Bailey 1. c. 49. Stems 10-30 inches high, slightly scabrous 

 above: leaves 1-2)^ lines -wide, shorter than the stem : bracts setaceous, 

 exceeding the spike, heads ferruginous, 6-20 lines long by 3-8 lines thick, 

 ovate-oblong or cylindrical, of numerous small roundish crowded spikes or 

 clusters of spikes, the lower often distant: scales ovate, acute, cuspidate: 

 perigynia divergent, membranaceous, ovate : rostrate and bidentate, serrate 

 above on the somewhat winged margins, longer and broader than the scale. 

 In wet places, Oregon to California. 



Var. costata Bailey 1. c. 49. Perigynia very strongly many-nerved 

 or ribbed on the outer face and usually bearing 3 or 4 nerves on the inner 

 one. Southern Oregon. 



' 4 ARENARI^: Kunth Enum. PL ii. 376. Spikes longer, 

 linear or nearly so, aggregated into short almost globose heads. 

 Perigynia lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly larger and more 

 delicate in texture. Scales very acute or awn-pointed. Stamin- 

 ate flowers variously situated. 



C. Donglasii Boott Hook. Fl. ii, 213, t. 213. Rootstocks creeping: 

 stems about a foot high, obtusely angled, smooth: leaves 1-2 lines wide, 

 tapering to an extremely slender triangular point: bracts scale-like, clasp- 

 ing, cuspidate, or the lowest prolonged beyond the stem : heads dioecious 

 or nearly so, oblong, pale or chestnut color, 1-2 inches long, 6-9 lines thick, 

 of many ellipsoidal or ovoid crowded spikes the upper simple, the lower 

 compound and sometimes branching, often half inch long: perigynia ovate 

 or lanceolate-ovate, acuminate to a slender obliquely cut beak, stipitate, 

 shorter than the ample membranous oblong or lanceolate acute or cuspi- 

 date hyaline-margined scale : stigmas 2, very long. In alkaline soil, eastern 

 Washington to California. 



5 MUHLENBERGIAN^E Tuckerm. Enum. Meth. 9. Spikes 

 green or nearly so when mature, aggregated or scattered, never in 

 compound heads. Staminate flowers always borne at the top of 

 the spike. Perigynia mostly short-ovate, usually not conspicu- 

 ously nerved. 



C. tenella Schk. Keidgr. 23. Kootstocks very slender : stems almost 

 filiform, rough, commonly reclining, 6 inches to 2 feet long : leaves soft, 

 about % line wide, spreading, shorter x than or sometimes equalling the 

 stem: spikes very small, 1-2-flowered, distant, or the upper close together: 

 perigj'nia ovoid-ellipsoid, nearly terete, hard, about 1 line long by )^ line 

 thick, tipped with a minute entire beak longer than or equalling the ovate 

 acute hyaline scale : stigmas 2. In bogs, Brit. Columbia to California and 

 the Eastern States. 



C. valicola Dewey Sill. Journ. 2nd ser. xxxii, 40. Stems 6-12 inches 

 high, very slender: leaves % line wide, shorter than the stem : bracts 

 roughly cuspidate from a broad hyaline-margined base, the lowest equal- 

 ling or exceeding its spike : head 6-12 lines long, linear-oblong, of 4-7 nar- 

 rowly oblong contiguous spikes: scales chestnut-color, membranous^ with 

 very broad hyaline margins, acute, or the scabrous keel prolonged into a 

 short mucro : perigynia pale brown, obovate, abruptly attenuate to the 

 base and to the obliquely cut entire beakj about equalling the scales. 



