Materials and Thfir Handling 



after the material h.is been bought and the systems 

 arranged, the actual labor of making raw ma- 

 terials into useful products depends upon the 

 foreman and his group. 



This complicated industrial organization in the 

 United States is really a great big cooperative 

 body, engaged in making life more useful and 

 more beneficial for all the people who live here, 

 and in thus cooperating for useful service we make 

 our living and gain our reward. 



Labor means service, and the more service 

 which can be given in a definite time with the least 

 effort, the greater will be the results of that 

 service in the improvement of the social life of 

 which we are a part. 



Section II 

 The Art of Work 



Following the Method. Very frequently, a 

 man who has charge of other men will say, con- 

 cerning one of those over whom he has super- 

 vision: "If he knows exactly what you want, you 

 can depend upon his doing it, but he cannot think 

 anything out for himself." There are many men 

 in industry like that. They are accurate workers 

 after the job has been laid out for them and the 

 method of doing it has been explained, but they 

 have never developed their capacity to see clearly 

 the reasons for the action and to think some of it 

 out for themselves. 



One of the heavy costs of industry is the cost 

 of supervision. The people who are engaged in 



