!()() Mntt'rinls <in<l Thrir I f mull in i: 



received and the operations upon it ,m performed 

 in a continuous manner. Sometimes, however, 

 more than one kind of raw material is utilized in 

 a continuous industry. When there is only one 

 kind of raw material received in the plant, it 

 moves through the various processes and machines 

 without having any other material or finished 

 parts introduced and, when finished, it is shipped 

 as a uniform product, often in bulk. An industry 

 may bring together certain materials and unite 

 them into one product, or it may do just the 

 reverse, i.e., start with a single raw material, such 

 as crude petroleum or coal, and break it down 

 into a number of products. The first is called a 

 synthetical industry and the latter an analytical 

 industry. Either type may or may not produce 

 by-products. A cotton mill is an example of a 

 non-by-product industry and a meat-packing es- 

 tablishment is an example of a by-product industry. 



Cloth Making A Non-By-Product Industry. 

 In a cotton mill, for example, one raw material- 

 cotton is worked up into certain fabrics. Only 

 that material (minus a small percentage lost in 

 the various steps) appears in the final cloth. The 

 entire process, from cotton bale to finished cloth, 

 which may or may not be carried on in one estab- 

 lishment, involves twelve main steps: 



1. Loosening the fibers for cleaning, 



2. Cleaning, 



3. Paralleling the fibers, 



4. Drawing the slivers or stramk, 



