1 1 Worker 183 



The Eject of Machinery on Crsftsmamhtp. 

 Just as soon as it was learned that a steam engine 

 could be used to run machinery, instead of the 

 foot or the hand, it became very important to 

 have that machinery run all the time It was 

 necessary to use fuel to run the steam engine; 

 and, when the engine was running, the machinery 

 was costing a lot of money to operate it in addi- 

 it was wearing itself out. If it was running 

 idle, it was costing just as much money to run, but 

 was not making anything useful to pay for 

 cost. It was impossible, therefore, to have the 

 worker doing a lot of jobs. He could not leave 

 the machinery running while he went out mid chose 

 the material; and he could not go from one ma- 

 chine to the other, leaving a good many of them 

 idle while he was attending to different pieces 

 of work. Gradually it became necessary for the 

 k to be subdivided, so that the worker on one 

 machine could stick to that machine and keep it 

 usefully employed all the .time th as kept 



running by the engine. Naturally, this also meant 

 that the individual worker on one part of the job 

 could know only that part of the system and 

 method which was required in his own operations. 



Eventually, it came to pass that a large part of 

 the work necessary to the complete manufacture of 

 the article was outside of the worker's experience 

 and had to be planned by others for each man in 

 the whole plant. Instead of one man doing all 

 the manufacturing of a piece of furniture, the 

 ic so subdivided that three or four hun- 

 dred operations were necessary, and these were 



