188 Materials and Their II untiling 



ing his own designs and doing the job from first 

 to last. They are a group, but they do not have 

 the same necessity for cooperation that the group 

 of men in a modern factory must have. 



The first lot in each of these groupings is just 

 a number of individuals, each doing his own work 

 without relationship to or regard for the work of 

 the others. They may cooperate to the extent 

 of enjoying the same shelter and the same fixed 

 equipment, but they depart from each other at 

 that point. They must get used to working with- 

 out annoying each other and they must work with- 

 out stealing from each other; but beyond that it 

 is not necessary for them to pay much attention 

 to each other. 



They do not have to give and take in their work, 

 neither do they, as a group, have to suffer because 

 one man does poor work. The failure of one 

 individual does not reflect failure on the whole 

 group. They cannot use the cooperative ma- 

 chinery of accomplishment, because there is no co- 

 operation in idea or in product. They have every 

 opportunity to express themselves individually, but 

 they do not learn to subordinate the individual 

 expression for the good of the whole group. They 

 are a group of individuals engaged in individual 

 work; they are working for no common object. 



The Group as a Team of Workers. As soon 

 as the work is subdivided to any extent as all 

 industries have been subdivided since the days 

 when hand work was replaced by machine opera- 

 tion the group of individuals is not sufficient to 



