ANALYTICAL CONTENTS xvii 



CHAPTER XII 



DARWINISM IN POLITICS BAGEHOT 



Applies Darwinism by analogy Evolution transforms imperceptibly 

 By nerve tissue in our case ; but nothing depends on this assertion 

 of use-inheritance by Bagehot ; it is a mere illustration Not ethno- 

 logical, but political questions Problems both of progress and of 

 differentiation 1st, Custom as the remedy for primitive wildness in 

 the " fit " Criticism 2nd, Customs winnowed by the test of war 

 3rd, Free discussion Race-blending, etc., as minor factors Three 

 limitations on the Darwinian principle in Bagehot's application 

 of it. 



[Note B. On Professor Ritchie's Darwinism and Politics Incon- 

 sistency between the different essays One interesting hint.] 



CHAPTER XIII 



DARWINISM IN ETHICS PROFESSOR ALEXANDER 



Fusion of idealism and naturalism Moral judgments are facts, but the 

 assertion of free-will is absurd Criticism ; capricious ; ignores the 

 content of moral judgments and the germ of a system in them 

 Punishment grouped with dynamics? Statics are truly, though 

 imperfectly, moral Goodness is a twofold "equilibrium" This 

 doctrine is enforced against other definitions In the Dynamics 

 equilibrium is revealed as endlessly changing, and is called " com- 

 promise " Ideals compete like organisms for survival Criticism ; 

 not (a) true Darwinian struggle, nor (b) true extinction The new 

 ideals are not wholly new Ideals are complementary So far as he 

 Darwinises he is false to morality. 



CHAPTER XIV 



REACTION FROM DARWINISM HUXLEY 



Reaction as to ethics Due to the vision of struggle and pain Not 

 sympathy, but justice is essential It must suspend outright the 

 cosmic process Older evolutionism (Greece, India) gave no guidance 

 Criticism ; nature and spirit are opposed Yet connected, and 

 reason fulfils the cosmic process by transforming it. 



