xviii COMTE TO BENJAMIN KIDD 



CHAPTER XV 



REACTION FROM DARWINISM DRUMMOND'S "ASCENT OF MAN" 



His precursors His sympathy for Spencer His Comtist terminology 

 Seeks a biological basis for altruism Corrects Darwin Not like 

 Miss Cobbe Largely like Huxley But seeks a fairer statement of 

 the facts Brings in a second biological function (out of three !), viz. 

 reproduction Wallace on the selection of reason Leads up to 

 doctrine of " Arrest of the Body " Cf. Cleland on the human skull 

 Emphasis on maternity and weakness of human infant Criticism ; 

 " egoism " and its struggle purely evil ? Or male sex with its 

 justice? Is domesticity = sociality ? Has Drummond shown a 

 factor in progress ? A better philosophy claims all nature for God. 



CHAPTER XVI 



REITERATION OF DARWINISM : ELIMINATION MADE ABSOLUTE 

 MR. A. SUTHERLAND 



A strong book with some weaknesses Works out the origin of moral feel- 

 ing by natural selection Kestates Drummond -like position as 

 Darwinian (?) And exemplifies " arrival " of forms Biology ; fitness 

 to survive And to breed and rear Quantity first relied on Then 

 quality This develops sympathy Which becomes serviceable 

 Anthropology ; everything depends on the approaches to monogamy 

 Sociology ; progress is by elimination of the inferior Even when it 

 seems to find more rapid means (Yet he allows some progress by 

 imitation !) History ; retrogression is possible ! For he hates all 

 militarism On the whole he does not believe in history Or in 

 reason Ethics ; Has dealt only with one-half of goodness ! Egoism 

 must balance sympathy ! Balance will grow automatic ! Criticism ; 

 no right to call sympathy moral, if only half of morality Nature 

 does not select one quality at a time ! Selection said to have worked 

 Not true natural selection though Why is goodness not auto- 

 matic already ? Do beauty and goodness exist, or do they not ? 

 "Yes and no!" 



