CHAP, xv REACTION FROM DARWINISM DRUMMOND 153 



nature. Is man the highest possible product of ter- 

 restrial evolution? That is plainly affirmed by Mr. 

 Fiske ; and the same view is supported by Professor 

 Cleland of Glasgow, 1 on more specially anatomical 

 grounds, viz. that the human skull has been modified 

 absolutely as far as is possible in favour of brain. If 

 the " crowning race " wish to have much larger brains 

 than the Europeans of to-day, they must do without 

 noses, which would be very awkward for them, not 

 merely from aesthetic considerations. 



The second point of special interest in Drummond's 

 statement is the " evolution of a mother." While sex 

 is the region in which morality is supposed to be con- 

 centrated, and while the female sex stand for goodness 

 and altruism in contrast to male egoism and badness, 

 Drummond makes it plain that morality first shows 

 itself not in love for the mate, but in love and care for 

 the offspring. That is true for the mother ; in course 

 of time it becomes true for the father. Eventually 

 romantic love between the sexes comes as a long-delayed 

 climax. Eather sentimentally Drummond points out 

 that even plants are classed scientifically by a reference 

 to the reproductive process ; that all the finest foods, 

 milk, fruit, grain, occur in nature for the sake of 

 reproduction, either animal or vegetable ; that the 

 highest animals are named from the function of the 

 highest physical motherhood, mammalia. More note- 

 worthy is the argument, originally Fiske's, that the still 

 higher development of human society, and with it of 

 human morality, is due to the feebleness of infancy. 

 The prolonged helplessness of human infancy kept the 

 family together, and gave depth and constancy to family 

 relationships. What again was the reason for that 



1 As cited by Drummond, Ascent of Man, p. 144. 



