CHAP, xvi REITERATION OF DARWINISM 165 



"morality," as we shall find, makes it only one con- 

 stituent of human well-being. Surely a very unfor- 

 tunate abuse of terminology in a moral treatise ! 



Another qualification of Mr. Sutherland's views by 

 common sense slips out when he speaks of Howard 

 the philanthropist 1 as moving his age. Now, this is 

 curious. Christianity had no chance with the Teutonic 

 peoples till natural selection killed off the heathen and 

 barbarous majority ; John Howard, without waiting for 

 natural selection to make "Howards of us all," was 

 able to "move the hearts" of his fellow-countrymen. 

 And yet Howard, with all his qualities, was surely not 

 comparable to the founder of the Christian faith ? The 

 one had his milieu ready made ; the other had to create 

 his milieu ; but was His greatness not tolerant of that 

 extra burden ? Or put it at the lowest : if personal 

 influence is capable of doing anything, is there not a 

 factor in moral progress to be reckoned with, independ- 

 ently of natural selection ? 



On the whole, however, we might almost say that 

 Mr. Sutherland does not believe in any such thing as 

 history, or the throbbing and thrilling of the social 

 organism to one great life. In history the public mind 

 " moveth altogether if it move at all " ; whatever lies 

 below consciousness, there is a conscious life, and the 

 conscious service of common ideals. But Mr. Sutherland 

 will have it that nothing ever happens, except the inter- 

 minable weeding of the human garden. The bad die 

 out ; the good have only to stand still, and they, or 

 their stock, will be carried on by forces outside of them 

 to a far-distant triumph. We are in no sense members 

 one of another. We are not so much men as things 

 things exactly like other things or exceptional only in 



1 i. p. 420. 



