From the Unconscious to the Conscious 



3. ALTERATIONS OF PERSONALITY 



The chief problems which are presented by the 

 appearance of secondary personalities, are two, both 

 equally difficult. 



1. The problem of the psychological differences 



from the normal personality, differences not 

 only of manner and will, but of general 

 character, inclinations, faculties, and knowledge; 

 differences occasionally so radical that they 

 imply complete opposition and even hostility 

 between the normal and the secondary per- 

 sonality. 



2. The problem of the supernormal powers which 



are frequently linked with the manifestation of 

 secondary personalities. 



Now although there are numerous works on multiple 

 personality, which have brought to light the frequency, 

 the importance, and the many forms of these manifesta- 

 tions, they have done nothing towards the elucidation of 

 these two problems. 



They have only succeeded in showing the abyss that 

 exists between the commonplace personalities of hypnotic 

 suggestion, devoid of originality of any kind, and the 

 psychic changes arising from pathological or traumatic 

 causes on the one hand, and the autonomous and complete 

 personalities which sometimes seem to occupy the whole 

 psychic field of the subject, on the other. 



They have, above all, shown the complete inability 

 of the classical psycho-physiology to explain the super- 

 normal faculties at all. 



