. 



Al'd.AIKIT. 



to 



III || efrt.a4ye.-tk.We.ifclaaiua.Uter.<ur3aid "I"* 



aa4 Ik* eaeeaaaa*a of )!! MunMorM MM! industry, i an 



^a*i*J ^^^ite|iott. *!% aumuavl fetJTJ, which i* 



fcaa) all part, of Walse, U held in October, in a 



, in ih. rioinhy. 



k rary beautiful, and there 



tCMfeJaBVe/Aa* 



ABKKUELE. (Dmt . 



ABBBOWILLL [(*E*auBTBKjuuiittE.j 



ABEHYSTW1TH. < ardig&nahire, a market town and port, munici- 

 pal ead aarUBBMBtary borough, and the eeat of a Poor-Law Union, in 

 the panekof Llaabadem Vawr, and hundred of Oeaeur Olynn, stands 

 ea a aarth emia*ao* on tke coast, near the outlet of the joint stream* 

 eftae Y*witk and Rheidioi, ia 62* 24' N. lat, 4' 5' W. long., dutant 

 .aflat X E. froo* CanUiaa, aad 208 mile. W.N.W. from l,.,,d..n : 



I of tke parliamentary borough in 1851 wa* 5231. The 

 led by fear aldermen and 12 councillors, one of 

 i**ia*yor; aad ia conjunction with Cardigan, Adpar, and 

 oat member to the Imperial Parliament The 

 Mai a) a |ijiiiti*O curacy in tke archdeaconry of Cardigan, and 

 i of aLAaapk. Aberntwitk Union contain* 30 parishes, with 



koatadedl 



1 by wall, and by a cuttle, but these 



are aow ia rain*. Tke'etreete are rather narrow, but tolerably well 

 I aad lighted. Under a recent act obtained for the general 

 raraneat of tke town, the anrerage ha* been much improved, 

 aa abnadaBt supply of water brought from three different 

 fliao* Ike erection of tke pier, the harbour can accommodate 

 i of MO too* burden. Upward* of 15.00M. have been expended 

 of the harbour, toward* which the late Duke of 

 XewoMtk) cnatributed lOOOi, and the borough and county members 

 Mtcack. Th church, erected ml 633, cuntamsH 00 sittings, of which 

 *2> arc free. la tke aohool-houae, which i* licensed fur the purpose, 

 Millie is peifmmed in Welsh. There are place* of worship for 

 WealeyiB and Calviiiulic Metkoduta, Indeiwndenta, and BaptisU. 

 There are in tke town a grammar, a National, and an Infant school j 

 iaanaarr ; a deaf and dumb asylum for the Principality, and a 

 riasB bank. A county court is held in the town. A new town-hall 

 i been recently erected. The ' Public lioom*,' erected in 1820, in 



port oa December Slat, 1851, was 227 ; the aggregate tonnage was 

 I1.S74 Dana* 1851 there entered and cleared at the port^-in the 

 trade, inward*. 041 reesels, tonnage 21,571 ; outwards, 245 

 , tonnage V54 1 : in the colonial trade, inward*. 12 British voeel, 

 _ 2064 ; outwards, 4 British reanU, tonnage 880 : in the foreign 

 , 1 Britwh Teasel inwards, tonnage 38. The amount of Custom* 

 doUe. reoeired at the port during the year ending 6th January, 1851, 

 M 1 4at l*a 1*1 There are regular trader* to London, Bristol, and 

 UterpooL Ship-building U carried on to some extent Oak -bark 

 and lead ore are exported ; coal, iron, and provisions are the imporU 

 There u ..goad Bakery. Aberyetwith i* much resorted t., in the 

 r for a-b*thrn*: ; and ample accommodation is provided for 

 i la hotel*. Ion*; terrace, of handsome lodging-housee, baths, ami 

 m. The beach fa convenient, and there an excellent public walks. 

 tVejti.^oa.u. tke town i. a chalybeate spring. On the beach are found 

 eavaebaai aad other afates, whioh are in request with visitor*, and give 

 ""fay""** to a good many Upiderir. and jewellers in the town. 

 BaaB) are held annually for two day* in September, about 3 miles 

 from Abery*wilh. 

 (OiaV. ** / few* Wain; Cox's Cmuk to AberfHriH; Com- 



. BaAaVtr^ tke county town, a market town, municipal 

 and parliaaiealaii boroufk, and the eaat of a Poor-Law Union, in the 

 kaadrad of Honaer, w pUaaautly utuated at the junction of the Ock 

 aad tke TkaBHe, jaft aboir. where the Wilts and Berks canal joins the 



Tkana. In !' 41' V I.I 1 . 11 : . . 7 .f 



" ^^ M "fl- N W fr. -m London by road. Abingdon 



2*S S^lLl ^r Or>rt w " to "^"""y (0xford brmnc ' h '- ** 



'"S tfam * towl> ' ta M mfl * d "nt from London. The 

 tke pariiaaMatary borough in 1851 was 6954. The 

 ***>bltairtUn*o and twelve councillor*, of whom 

 S???_ 0< ^ 1 ? B>l r. * **. l 5r?* 1 Pr>Ument 



Ms^r^ssxi oX 1 ass u ri 1 



!*L!TJT5y7^ t ^ B * l "^*g ' d****** of Oxford. Ab 



**.! | I H hi 1U1 of 2o!wjL WiUl " """ f 6 ' r5 



???! *f * f^! **** nti.iuity. Home have carried b 



vicarage 

 Abingdon 



LL^L'aE**' 1 '!'' 1 ' 1 '*'- S 00 -^* carried back iU 



house*, amounted to nearly 20001 |*T annum. Henry I. wa* educated 

 in it A gateway by 8t Nichola* Church, and two or three apartment* 

 are all that remain of the abbey. The town i* tolerably well built, the 

 street* are *pacioua, diverging from the market-place, and are well 

 paved and lighted with ga*; the lupply ( wntvr is good; and the 

 town U well drained. In the market-houae, which is a Hubhtantial 

 xtnicturc of freestone, i* a Rpacious hall for transacting public buaineaa. 

 The Union workhouse, a largo brick building, was erected in 1836, 

 and was the first completed mic!< :, ..f t!,,- 1'oor-Law 



Amemluiunt Act The county jail wax erected in 1811, at a cost of 

 26,0001. The quarter Reunions for the county, the summer awiicee, and' 

 a county court, are held here. Abingdon obtained a chart 

 poratinn in the reign of Philip and Mary, 1557. There are two churches, 

 St Helen's and St Nichola* ; St Nicholas is the older church, aome 

 portions of it being of Norman date. St Helen's is much larger, 

 and has been a very handsome edifice; it has boon grev 

 disfigured by various barbarous alterations, but within the la 

 years has been partially restored internally. There are two chapel* 

 fur Baptists, and one each for Independents, Quakers, and Wcsleyan 

 Methodists. The free grammar school, founded in 1563, has been 

 in great port rebuilt, and a handsome dining-holl eroctod by th. i:. . . 

 W. A. Strange, D.D., the head master; it has an income of aboul 

 from endowment, and hod 63 scholars in 1852, being the nunil 

 whom the school is free. The school possesses eight scholarship* t , 

 Pembroke College, Oxford. There are also National and British schools, 

 and some other foundations for the purposes of education. There 

 are several alms-houses, in the chief of which (Christ's Hospital) 32 

 IXXM- persons are supported. The trade of Abingdon consists of maltiiiR, 

 hemp-dressing, and a little carpet and sack making ; two consiil 

 manufactures of clothing employ upwards of 1000 persons. The 

 markets days are Monday and Kridity. There are eight fairs iti the. 

 course of the year. The corn-market ia Urge. Capacious whai : 

 warehouses have been erected at the entry of the Wilts and Berks 

 Canal into the Thome*. 



(Lypons's Mayna Britannia ; Communication from Abingdon.) 

 AllII'oNIANS, on aboriginal tribe of South America, who formerly 

 occupied part of the province of Chaoo, a country about 300 leagues 

 long and 100 leagues broad, lying about the centre of Paraguay, near 

 the parallel of 28 south. The Mokoby, a powerful tribe, whose rela- 

 tionship to the Abiponians is proved by the resemblance of tin -ir 

 language (Adelung's ' Mithridates'), Kt ill inhabit the interiur of the 

 province of Chaco, on the banks of the Venncjo and Ypita rivers, 

 which are tributaries to the great Paraguay. The Abiponians, almiit. 

 the beginning of the last century, being defeated by the Mokoby, \v)i<> 

 were more numerous, placed themsi'lv. ., un.kr the protection uf the 

 Spaniards ; and, finally, to escape from their vimli. -. the 



greater part of them went eastward in 1770, and, crossing th< 

 Parana, established the colony of Las Qarzas. Here they have retained 

 nearly all their original usages. There ore three divisions of the 

 Al'i|>ncs: the Naquegtgaguehee, the Kuecahee, and the Jaconaiga. 

 When Dobrizhofier was acquainted with the Abiponians, the\ 

 chiefly in Chaco; he describes them as a well -made, tall, hoixl 

 race of men, with faces of the European form, and a compl 

 rather light-coloured. Their bodies are robust, capable of enduring 

 fatigue and all the changes of temperature. According to th. . 

 missionary, Dobri/hotl'er. our chief authority, they are the most 

 wonderful people in the world. An Aliiponian, almost 100 years old, 

 will leap on his horse as nimbly as a boy, and sit there for 1 

 His teeth and sight are unimpaired at this advanced age ; a man ln> 

 dies at 80 is considered to have come to an untimely end Hov 

 the good missionary remarks that all the inhabitants of Paraguay are 

 not quite so wonderful as the Abiponians, for the pedestrian nations 

 are leas long-lived than the equestrian. One curious feature in the 

 character of the Abiponians is their skill in horsemanship. The horse, 

 as is well known, was introduced into South America by the Spaniards, 

 anil from them stolen by the A)>i)M.ni:inx. They soon became so 

 expert in the management of this animal, that, issuing from their 

 distant retreats, they crossed dry deserts, or extensive swamps, with 

 e|ual cose and daring ; and, after a journey of surprising rapidity, 

 would fall on the Spaniards, when least expected, and massacre all 

 ln-fon- thnn. 



. I, ..Her went to South America in 1749, and stayed tl 

 yean. His account of the Abiponians is exceedingly minnt 

 tedious ; and though it no doubt contains many curious and interest- 

 ing facts, it is not possible to read it without a considerable portion . ,f 



(Martin l>..l.n,h"H'.T's Arnnint i if thr Alnjmniant, London trans- 

 lation, Iti22; Latin original, Vienna, 1784. Compare Acara's short 

 i. p. l'ir>, ot'jlr Al'ipoiiians of Las Qanas.) 



AI'.I \1K1T (i. t. the Convent of Ablai), the name of some ruiiiH in 

 the steppe of thr Middle Horde of thr (virgins, about 50 miles from 

 the towns of Kuehtomiinnkaja and l T Kt-Kamenngnrskaja, both Imilt on 

 the banks of thr upper rournt- of the river Irtish. The place is in 

 4" 20' N. 1st and 83 5' E. long. These ruins are situate.] near thr 

 base of the range of mountains called the Ablaikit Mountain-, uhieh 

 rise about 3000 feet above their base; and in the v are 



very fine and extensive pasture-grounds. In tliet>egim>im 

 century, when the Hussions were erecting the fortress of Ust-Kame- 



