



TheAmbr.r ; f Art*, con 



two bain*. Ik* man ** of which U dtotinguiahed by the i, 

 U,- fcy "f PrerMB, and i* connected with th larger basin on the eut 

 by . *traH a mil* and a half in width, MM! with the Ionian 3ea on Uie 

 we** by a narrow cbamvl, only half a mile aero**, and a little 

 mile in MOgth from north to south. The we<tern shore of 

 is formed by UM most smith-weatern purl of Epirus, . .-town 



a( Ptiiea* DOW stands, uid the eastern shore by a ; 

 uustsliUl*** the meat north western part of Acarnania. The most 

 uubala part of thin eaitero shore is now occupied by Fort La Punta, 

 ad the extremity of the promontory iUelf (which being turned, the 

 Bijr of Pnmaa. spreading out to the wrath-cart U entered), in called 

 La Punta. Poor mile* eaat of La Punta I* the entrance to t' 

 of ArU from the Bay of Prevtaa, formed by Cape La Scan in Epirus 

 and Cape Madonna In Acaroania, A little south of Cape Mad 

 Aiio. Now UM name Axlo would appear to favour the supposition of 

 Uria point being the ancient Actimu, but it U merely a Yenetinv 

 n to the Oraeka, and probably given through (ome ini> 

 r a* to the locality of Actium. Strabo says that Actlum is that 

 rw whfah forma one aide of the entrance of the bar ; and it U also 

 dear, from what be further nay*, that he considered the entrance of 

 the bay to be between Preresa and Fort La Punta. He also gives to 

 (hi* paMogr a width of a little more than four stadia, or half a mile, 

 which is true of the woatern (trait, but not of the eastern one. Auac- 

 t.irinm. a place about 4 mile* from the temple uf Apollo which Blood 

 at Actium, U described by Strabo u aituated within the bay,' while 

 Actium ' make* the mouth of the bay.' According to thin ntstenu nt, 

 Actium i La Punta and Anactorium u on Cape Madonna. To make 

 it (till clearer to his reader*, Strabo, after describing the co&it north- 

 ward* of the entrance of the bay, come* to the entrance itself, follow- 

 ing the Una of eoaat ; and thin word entrance can only be applied to 

 the (trait of La Punta, " Wear the entrance on the right," Bays Strabo, 

 i* the (acred place of Apollo uf Actium, an eminence with a temple 

 OB it, and below, a plain with a grove of tree* and a dock -yard." . This 

 description u (aid by aome to suit Cape Madonna better than La Punta, 

 bacauae Madonna i* high and Punta low. But Strabo says the temple 

 i* on an eminence, and thin eminence pome distance from the sea ; he 

 do** ootaay that the temple was on an eminence, which eminence was 

 on UM *ea. It u dear from the words of Dion Camus, that the battle 

 of Actium was fought outaide of the (trait of La Punta, and not in the 

 Bay of Prevcaa, a* (tated by aome writers. 



U a name derived from a Greek word aetf, which, in a geo- 

 graphical aenae, i* worth explaining. An ade U a piece of land pro- 

 jecting into the m, and attached to another larger piece of laud, but 

 not neceasarily by a narrow neck. Thus, the projecting land on which 

 La i'unu and Cap* Madonna stand can both have the name of acie. 

 Herodotus call* Asia Minor itaelf an acie compared with th, whole of 

 A/da ; and Africa itaelf (which he believed to be much amaller than it 

 il an act* projecting from the mas* of Asia. Attica was originally 

 ujled Act*. The name Acte wa* specifically given to the most eastern 

 threepromuotorie*, jutting out from Chalcidicc in Macedonia ; 

 it contains Mount Athos, or Monte Santo, and it* narrowest part was 

 mas by the canal of Xrrxe*. 



[MlDDLtttt.] 

 Ill [1.IMM.ICK.J 



ADA'l. is the Arabic name of a part of the eastern coast of Africa, 

 and ha* been adopted by European geographers. Until lately it was 

 applied to UM country that surround* the Bay of Tajurra, I. 

 ...... .1 ... . .. . for Ad mdtotl trad 



nf coaat which extend* from the Bay of Tajurra to the Strait of Deb- 

 < 1 Mandcb ; but of late nan it has bean ascertained that it is applied 

 to all UM countrie* inhabited by a Mohammedan nation called by (!,. 

 Arabs Danakil : they call Ihcnuelve* AftVr. The name Adal, or rather 

 Adaiet. is derived from Ad Alii, which is the name of one of the mo*t 

 tbeDanakiL 



The Danakll tribe* inhabit the coart from the Bay of Tajurn to 

 Cap* Bab-el Man ra Bat^el Mandel 1,,-r.- - ! 'I 



Red Baa to UM harbour and town of Mawvwr.. 15*40' 



X. UL Opposite Anneahrv Bajr. "'"'I' <>f MaawSwa, the Danokil 

 .!} UM narrow Bat which lie* along the Red Sea and the- . . :.i itv by 

 which the table-land of Abnaink U aaoended : both taken togri 

 not exceed 40 mil** in width. At the I- ,y..f Tajurra their 



terrttorie* extend to some distance w< ! iwish, or at 



Uwt ISO mile* from UM an. As UM highlands of Abyssinia gradually 

 approach nearer to UM shores of the Red Kea a* they run 



norUi, the territories fa il by UM Danakil grow narrower in that 



direction. 



Cb*M md /sbdKiiL-The length of UM coaat along the Red Boa b 

 abote SOO mllea. In eereral placea It U studded with rock> 

 'Hfc eone few eioeption* they belong to the coral formation 

 trurfaee can*ist of (mail frsgmenU of coraline rocks mixe.l with wind, 

 shetk, and UM indurated parts of mollusc*. Those islands d 

 genera] rise more than 18 feet above th* (as, In the dry > 

 appear t . I- quite bar* of vegetation, but in the wet seaaon, which 

 laai* from !>.: I, the shrub* are covered with leave*, and 



a scanty graas spring* up u some tract* : a few mimosa* preserve the 

 .r* I'liiger. Only a few of these iatands ar* inhabited the ),..!,. 

 year by *om* families who live by their fisheries ; many of them are 



AIU'L. 



K nurture for goaU. atid some antelopoi are met with. The 

 . of the islands is Dhalak. [DlULAK.J Between them inland* 



i 



II M ' 



mainland are several niicbornges, but' few of them are good ; 

 the harboun generally : ' to small vessels. 



The niljn. . < the ixln: 



slits of coral rocks rinin>. 







is about two mil< It U 



furrowed by nunivroini water-countes, in which d'.iring tin 1 rniiui nn 

 iinuu'iise volume of wntcr rushes down fi 



but when the rain I the beds becon ' ntntc 



they remain . i-prinK, u- 



water is preserved in tnk.< ; but wntcr may also be < 

 digging in the' dry l>c<!.s of tlr en, where it is g' 



wHnat n dfptli of \'l ft-rt 'I i istaof sand, 



rock* : nl \f KI sterile that the wh< 



state, ' t'oing liinito<I to n few gardens in whHi ! 



(Lutonia inermlt) i* grown. I trees are 01 



beds of tin- 1 re arc only a few isolated m 



and acacias, a coai -.. .-.:!in ; 



the sea are isolated biuhen of n\i 



Uedeln, which has a tolerably regular ( 



above the sea. It is isolated, and ite upper part is cov t ml with large 



tree*, but th. 



South of this mountain the level plain grov. 

 BcroR*. Thert ar. 



hills, which rise from 200 to 800 feet above their base. 1 n 1 1 

 the soil chiefly consists of decomposed lava, mid is much more '. 

 than the other parts of the plain : tree?, 1; i.-. an.l I >\v 



bushes appear only occasionally. In winter this tract is ei.wrvd with 

 excellent grass, and makes fine pasture. Camels, gw 

 sheep, are comparatively mmur. >M. cattle are not so conn 

 U generally got by digging a - Hv the surface. 



It is a general opinion that the low tract* along both sides . 

 Red Sea are the hottest countries on the globe. This is a! 

 by the meteorological observations which were made by Hii] 

 Muao'wa during eight mouths ifr- 



During the wet season (fron to April), the ' 



ranged between 72 - 5 and 80 before en- 



8S'5 at three o'clock in the afternoon. In the hot and dry season 

 (from July to September), the temperature ' 

 n 86" and 92, and in the afternoon itwa 

 higher. In this season the sky is rarely overcast ; but > 

 ning of October, wh. n the r.iiny season on tlie taM. ' 

 is near its termination, thunder-storms are frtquent. This region has 

 regular land and sea breezes, but the land breeze* are Blight The 

 mean annual temperature of Massowa is 88. 



Tli..ii K h this low tract produces hardly anything Tit f. : 

 fire-wood, the sea supplies subsistence and article* of . 

 many families. Pearls are found ill some places, especially in the 

 vicinity of Dhalak, and also turtle. Among the fish, 

 bably the Pliyscter; throe kinds of <lolj ' 



a Phocieua; and the dugong, of which about 800 a: taken 



by tli. lak. 



Phyrical Gtayra. r of Adal is only known along tho 



routes pean tr.iv. 



the sea to the table-lands of Tigrf and Shoo. The : -. liieh 



tho table-land of TignS is ascended occupies a spac- 

 SO and 40 miles in width. Ii i ; nearly parallel to the sea- 



coast. The depressions, valley*, or ravin. - by which it is fnrroucd, 



l!y traverse it at right angles to the edu-e "f tl 



but at others they cut that edge rth to 



Month. Near the low tract along the co:> I the 



country at a distance of from 2."> to S. r i n 

 of ulniut 2000 fee' e:i level ; but a* it api 



of the table-land the a- r H miles the 



rise of the rocky mass generally nr ! "000 



feet 



At the back of the low tract along the of the com 



very genUe, presenting an inclined ^ uhich 



the water-courses 1 :.rfac< of this tract ispninh. 



without gnu<. but sprinkled with acacias an.l l,.\v bushi-s . 

 about three mile" in width, and i* not inhabite.l. .* 

 lunch licttrr tract : its l of low hills . 



rock, mid mi 



ilepn- in are tnvened in wint- r 



and in .< always <:, >v the 



surface In the 1>cdit of tho streams. These va> i with 



bushes and a few i he acacia i. There 



arc many small village*, which arc iuhnbi!< In 



approaching the base of the livity the 



inclose the valley* beoom>- nun li UM i. elevated, but 



'hemsel vasal 



i* an inclined plane, with a . 

 < are compoed ol 



are full of bushes, and in many part there arc j;i 



