ICDKKN'SHIKK. 



. 



BOW airaragm abuul 330, 

 IMS, <* number of 



lies, Th. number of graduates in 1 



.;1UX,0;MH 

 HISJHII Both Pollens r >dBWed 



CIJSTT M 

 pHed for. 

 deals. 



, . 



founded by I Jeorge Keith, 

 A dVd of union between 

 Chute L, bat ~ repealed in 

 -- u-^.i^-i The number 

 b about ^mdudme; all the f.cul- 

 t in IMS wa. 41. 3s. : A.M., SI ; 

 M.D..I1 Tl college buiMing. are very 

 with trnnaries for the edu- 

 iron are limited. In King 1 . 

 Mariahal College IS, an annually com- 

 Bombers are in the gift of private indivi- 

 nf Ihi INIIII urn trrn 



belonging to the town, exclusive 

 Abenfaw. ajadoM in Old Aberdeen. on Dr. Bell. f..-,n 

 hial school*; and a school supported by the 

 There i* a -Ting. bank. 



olethes, and mainuiw. for fire yean, 



U of to MM of decayed luigissi*. There to a similar in.ti- 

 _ far orphan girl*, besides others for poor children; industrial 

 skaetsare to s^aotrrKT.asJ have e*soea much benefit in dealing 

 both the town and the district of jnrenile vagrancy. There are an 







of the city, aad a lunatic asylum at its north 

 A poor-house, on a large scale, has been recently 

 There are two prisons, one for offenders before trial, and 

 r far those who have received their sentence; tbe form 

 i of the town, sHanhed to the same range of buildings with 

 Ike eawt-hone*. the town house, and the polios establishment The 

 prison far convicted ajbuiisrs is a Urge gloomy structure out 

 tke town, aad is adapted far the separate system of confinement. The 

 ew market, M SAteBSJM structure, erected in 1841, consist, of two 

 fate and a gallery; in summer it I* kept cool by a fountain, hi. h 

 pUyi in lh> oratr* of the building. Friday is the market-day. Fair* 

 far wool are held on the last Thursday and Friday in June, and on 

 tke Thursday and Friday of the first and second week* of July. 



Besides Ike baakmg and other public companies, Aberdeen possesses 

 iltensin snasnfactorsss. Cotton, linen, and woollen fabrics are made. 

 There are km iron-works, and building-yards, in which numerous 

 Teasel*, both in wood and iron, are buih. the Aberdeen-built clip|.-r 

 forth* IxMdoo trade, and Urger ship* for foreign voyages, have lately 

 o*,sf ed a klfh character for quick sailing. The shipping in the port 

 is estpBsire. HtsMisrs ply between Aberdeen and London, and 

 Aberdeen aad Uitk. With InTemem and the north, there is ready 

 enejtsumiesAiom, and once a week a at earner sails to and from New- 

 castle. The number of sailing vissili regietered in the port of 

 Absrdeea on Deosmber Slat, 1851, was 264, their tonnage being 

 - ; sad IS el earner*, of 4SM tons. The number and tonnage of 

 1 and cleared at tke port during 1851 wore as 

 stitsj trade, sailing mas sis, inwards, 1401 ton 



IS.?7 ; outwards. 677, tonnage, $2,81 6 : steam vessel*, inwards, 

 uM.4S4 ; outwards, 3M. tonnage, 1S0.8M : colonial trade, 

 British Teasels, tonnage, 6799, Mid one foreign Teasel, of 

 *4tes; outwards. British TSSI ils, of 7748 tons: foreign trade, 

 kmnfa, 74 British vieiil*. toanagi 10.545. aad 77 foreign 



M78; outwards. 60 British Tsssils, tonnage, 835V, and 13 



ST. 



The 



i 



Mar ending January 6th, 1851, 

 The foreign commerce is 



e doty paid in the 



to IM*& IU \J. The foreign commerce U chiefly 

 wth Xortk America, tke K** snd West Indie., the Mediterranean, 

 Ik* Baltfe, sad Arehissjil The lUltic trade is very cxtenniTe. 

 led In the whale ftsbery. Fine cotton and 



. ,- . ettie, grain, aad Ash. form the man- im|wrtent 



i of apart, Ik* granite low) snmstimis amounting to 40,000i 



;*J*JL fMBsisjajlaHasj between tke harbour aad the most pro- 

 gram portion of tke county, tke Uarioch. Is carried on by 

 eAes^ofl6silesleas^theliesxlof\rniofai.atlnverury. 

 Tfce Tieksttjr tt tke gnsjlte osrrt** aflbrd* the means of adding greatly 

 to tk. besejty of Ike cHy A grsnite-polishing work has lately been 



the Dee about half a mile above 

 to tk* terminus by a magnificent 



ABBUHOCN. OLD, forsMrly known as the Kirkto 

 w M tke IMk century erected into a cathedral 

 Hull I o. tke nrta of Ab.nl**a. to which it is al 

 MUT tk* |i ii*.l erfku of tke riTr Don. The city 



Kirkton of Seaton, 

 al city, 

 almost united, 

 city is within the 

 Its affairs are managed 

 Tbe ancient cathedra] 

 MM*** W 1S67. I* lam and auaaiTe gothic structure, aii.l i* 



asA(0 tsBSsekvl S>A --. e * sV t I _i *. 



te pamstjail nhunu. The parish is Tery extensiTe, 

 ". a ,-rti,m of ike new . 



of Aberdeen. 



. 



rdeen. A fair for oattii 



" V" w fa -*T Wlowing the third Tu-d.y in 

 An miiwtt bo.p.ul provides for aged and 



lecayed women, the daughter* or widows of burgeases. The ri 

 the immediate neighboornood is spanned by an elegant bridge of six 

 robes, by which the communication between Aberdeen and the east 

 or Ruclian district U carried on ; and by " the old bridge of Don," 



-''*'"B of a single narrow gothic arch of great strength and 



ti'i 



AHKltnKKNSHIRK, a maritime county in the east of Scotland, 

 N.K. and K. by the North 8ea, S.K. by Kincardineshirr, 



by Forfarsbire, S.W. by I'ertlinliir. . W. l.\ Inverness-shire, and 

 N .\V. |,\ lUuffi<hirc; lies between 66* 50' and 57 43' N. lat, and 

 1* 45' and 8 50' W. long. It. form is irregular, baring iU greatest 

 length from east-north-east to west-south-west, 88 or 89 miles ; and 

 its greatest breath at right angles to the length, from the border 

 of the county of Banff, near the town of Banff, to the nmuth <!" thr 

 Dee, 38 miles. The area of Aberdeenahire is estimated at 

 nquare mile*; it is in size the fifth of the Scottish counties. Tlj< 

 .pulation in 1841 was 192,387 ; in 1851 it wa* 212,032. 



Oxul-tine. The coast of Aberdeenshire has a tolerably regular 



tiiiM-. for the most part convex to the sea. From the month of 

 the Dee, which separatee the county from Kincardineshire, it pro- 

 ceeds in a nearly direct line for 12 miles N. by E. or N.X.K. to the 

 mouth of the Ythan. The Don fall* into the sea about 2 mil. s 

 N. of the mouth of the Dee; some smaller streams have tin ir 

 outfiill more to the north. From the Ythan the coast at tirnt miin 

 K lit tli- more to the east, but turns gradually to the N., N.W., and 

 W., forming a semicircle of about 55 miles, measured along the 

 shore to the mouth of the stream which separates the county frum 

 Banflshire. The coast here has several headlands of little prominence; 

 they are White-ness, Brigga-head, Bows-ness, Boddam or Buchan-ness, 

 Invernctty-jioint or Salthouse-hcad, Inchkeith-point, Kattery or 

 Kuttnty-hfikd, Tilly-duff-point, t'airnbulg-point, and Kinnuinl's-head. 

 Fergus-head or Sootstown-point is in a detached part of Banfl'xhiiv, 

 between Inchkeith-point and Kattray-hcad. Buchan-ness and Inch- 

 keith-|M>int arc the easternmost points of the mainland of Scotland : 

 they are in 1 45' \V. long. A lighthouse, 118 feet high, built of 

 granite, and having wont is termed 'a flashing light,' Htanda on 

 Buchan-ness. Between the mouth of the Ythan and the Banffghire 

 boundary are Cruden Bay, between Briggs-head and Bows-ness ; 

 Inrernetty or Sandford Bay, between Buchan-ness and Salthouno- 

 head ; Peterhead Bay, between Salthuuae-head and liuhV. ith {uiint ; 

 SL-Fcrgus Bay, between Scots-town-poiut (in the detached jiurt of 

 Banffshire) and Hattniy-lii-ad ; Htrathbeg or Strabcg or Kttray Bay 

 (which at low water becomes a loch, column 

 aea by a narrow passage adjocvut to Hattniy-hcml on the nortli 

 Fraserburgh Bay, between CUmbaar-sjoint nnd Kinnainl'H-head ; 

 Fingus Bay, west of Kinnsird's-head ; and Aberdour Bay, near the 

 Banflshira Imundsr}'. 



The coast from the border of Kincardineshire northwurd to tin- 

 mouth of the Ythan is comparatively low and shelving : from the 

 mouth of the Ythan it assumes a bolder character, being skirted in 

 some place* by rocks rising nearly 200 feet above the level of the sea. 

 These rocks are penetrated by some remarkable fissures and en 

 which formerly afforded great facilities for smuggling. The rocks 

 are chiefly of black basalt, gneiss, mica slate, or red granite. About 

 Peterhead they become Terr precipitous. Some of the bays have n 

 fiat beach of sand or pebbles. North of the Ugie, which J.HI 

 sea just to the north of Peterhead, the ].-.ie presents a Hue of clay 

 hills, oovored with an accumulation of drift sand ; near Kattnu 

 there is a ridge of rocks projecting into the w-a, by \vliieli lit liigli 

 they are covered. Beyond Kattray-head the coast U low ami > 

 t. . K innaird's-hcad, a promontory of coiuidurablo height ; westward of 

 the coast is in some places sandy, in others lined with rocks 

 ni uliieh are some remarkable caves. 



.*>,/.nv, Jfydnarapky, tWmnnicofioiu. The county is generally 

 hilly ; in the south-west it is mountainous. The crest of the prinoipej 

 range of the Grampian, form, for a considerable distance the soi 

 boundary. A branch of the Grampian*, thrown off fr..,,, the ].rinei|,;il 

 range at Badenoch forest in the south-western cxi r.-mity . i 

 forms for a short distance the western boundan 



east, although no ili.tinctly marked chain ,,f 'bills can be troce.1 fur, 

 the elevation ,,f the i- iirf.ee i. ai,|>nreiit f r ..m tbe , ourxe ol 

 the upper waters of the Don, the Ythan, and : ,lown 



tbe south-eastern slope, and several streams florin- down the n.uth- 

 western slope into the Dnvrni or Iiovemn. whieli belong, i-hielly to 

 Banffshire. The pritiei)*! summit* in the main range of the Orainpi'imK, 

 on the *outli< -rn l>iiiinl:irr, <-i, . i (nun west to 



east, are Scarsoocb. (ielly Caini, Ik-n Uarn, Cairn Leay, Ben Barrow, 

 QUiih Well, Aught Hill, Oiirn Tsgart or Taggart (about 30o 

 high), Loch ua Oar (3816 feet), Hill of Mark, .Mount K. an ( :il.' 

 Braid Calms, Cockairns, Hill of Cat, and Mount Batt.,,-1,. 'II, 

 inmit* of the branch on the western bounilury, are 



leot). Brerisch, clow to <'airn Toul, ami about the same 

 height, and Ben Macdhui. or Bannamuickduidh (4:i!iO feet), ascei 



'nlimnee Survey to be UM fe, t higher II 



regarded as the highest mountain in ( !i . at iiritain. I nuieh 



of the Grampian* another bran. 1 1 is thrown oil tf,wrdii the north-east, 

 in which are Bennabuird (3940 feet), Ben Avon or Ben Avon, and 

 Morren (2984 feet). 



