AFB1CA. 



AFRICA. 



lit 



blende; Wands in the Bight of Biafra ; Fernando Po ; Prince's 

 fcmnd ; 81 Thomas ; Anno Bom. Ac. 



.Matthew; Ascension; 81 Helena; the 



TV 



MI> va**. aagascar; the Mauritius ; Bourbon ; 

 lim the Mozambique Channel; the Seychelles ; and 



i on the coast of Zangnebar. 



.* /Mfia* Oeeen. Soootr* ; the islands of the Red Sea are 

 generally nell and inconsiderable. Mid partake of the character of 

 the Arabian and African ooeeta, io which they may be respectively 

 airlift according to their decree of proximity. 



JevMMB J>MM*<OMt A/riu.P*1*ff*t. Madeira; the Cape 

 Verde Islands ; St Thomas and Prinoe'i Islands, and two or three 

 other nail places S the port of Whydah in Dahomey ; the captain, -y 

 onrnrennneBt of Congo and Angola, consisting mainly of a few towns 

 I poets; the Moaunbiqne government, on the coasts of 8<>faU 

 I Mozambique, extending from the Bay of Delagoe to Cape Delgado, 

 u divided into seven captaincies, bat the real possessions 

 of the Pmtugues* are now few and insecure ; the chief are, the little 

 Wand at Moammbiqne, and the settlements of Qiulimane", Senna, 

 Tette, and Maniea, on the Zambezi rirer. Melinda, once a flourishing 

 on the Zangnebar coast, it now deserted by 



and! 



. Rathnnt, on a email isle at the outlet of the Gambia, 

 and a few paste dependent upon it ; Sierra Leone; the establishments 

 on the Oold and Him Coasts (including the port* lately purchased from 

 Uw Uanwh gorernment) : Cape-Coast is the chief nosition.the rest are 

 of little importance ; 'the inland* of Ascension, St. Helena, and Tristan 

 d'Acunha; the colony of the Cape of Oood Hope; Natal; the 

 MaarHraa, ftc. 



Pmdk. Algerie on the northern coast of Africa, conquered by the 

 French in I8M ; on the Senegal and Gambia coasts ; the district of 8t- 

 Lotm; and that of Ooree; the late of Bourbon ; and St-Marie, near 

 Madagascar, with a few poeta on the latter Uland. 



BfimM. The Presidios, new the Strait of Gibraltar in the empire 

 <rf Morocco, which contain the town, of Ceuta, Melilla, Ac.; Fernando 

 Po; the Canaries. . 



ZMea. The onlir Dnteh possessions now in Africa are some poaU 

 or farta on the Gold Coast, and chiefly within the limit* of the 

 ftshsmtel empire: the principal place U Elmina, the residence of 



IM IFOTejnXT'JFBO0rsml. 



Amrrifan. The colony of Liberia near Cape Mesnrado, founded 

 by the American Colonisation Society. It is a private enterprise, 

 and has for Ha object the settlement in Africa of free negroes from 

 the United States. The chief towns are Monrovia and Caidwell 



Ottoman. These are really foreign possessions, being held by 

 Turkish authorities, who are nominally dependent on the Sultan 

 a* Oonetentmople. They are Egypt, the Eastern Desert, the Wadis 

 of Hiwoh, Khargeh, Ac.. WnMa/ftnraou-, Kordofan, Ac, Tripoli and 

 Tunis can be no longer considered as at all dependent on the Sultan. 



n, Hmm t/ffritm. TMa extensive continent is characterised 

 by certain varieties of the human species, which it will be useful here 

 to distribute into their proper families as accurately as we can, in order 

 to obviate that eonfnaion which u often found in common treatise* on 

 jegmniiy. We propose rnerely to give each a general outline of the 

 JMlftWjB of the human race in th continent as may show the large 

 uao*e into which K divides itaclf: the rahdiviaMns of nations and tribes 

 win he round under other head*. The following sketch U founded on 



those physical dUbrenees which characterise the animal Man in Africa. 

 The reader may aw in Balbi's Abr#g< de Geographic,' the daanfication 

 f the p-^leaceortlng to Ungoagea, of which we will ,,nly remark, thnt 



npoaWbk 

 ingkerWi 



:' A:':: :i 



The snnthrrn regions of Africa 



an occupied by two nations, the 



7 alao the basin of the Orange River, 

 varieties both in physical appearance 

 Md moral character; but in his lowest state he is one of the most 

 Indolent, helpless, and dirtiest of the human family ; hin form. < 

 spoken of by some tnveOers as not positively ugly, would appear fn.tn 

 MM b**t account* to he revolting to our ideas. His hah- is block, 

 "mettmes brownish, very abort and woolly; his pronle is hideous, 

 ?! r jr"V 1 .!' for !*"!" of thelipt, over which the noes 

 him iij1.diaphylna; the open nostril.: thVfoot is *o singularly 

 fcfed that he e>n be tracked >pr his marks. The colour ofthe akin 

 h.or yenwih, but not black. The Kaffln differ both 

 ettontote and from those whom we call negroee. The now 



* ^** form; y** ^y bmT *" HP+ nd *'" 



than the negro. Their colour b a blackinh 

 NMnuly WMI tiMi'fW uxl of rotuxlAr] limb 7ho 

 mg ft. anifciiuiset of the black race of Africa. In 

 the Kafirs are far above their Hottentot 



coast of 

 it is not 







etjnbours. They 



AM*-, imp the inte 



'I'!..- ' :!. 



i 



in Africa U the Negro, which some 

 writers denominate the Ethiopian. The term Ethiopian in indeed 

 often used, but, as it appears to us, rather vaguely, to include all the 

 black-coloured races of Africa. We here understand by it only the 

 true negro races, which, whatever resemblance they may bear to the 

 other dark races of Africa, still differ from them considerably in 

 physical character and geographical distribution. Varieties of Ian 

 guage, shades of complexion, or -jthrr differences certainly subsist 

 ameng them (and they are by no means inconsiderable) ; but we must 

 still recognise the whole negro race as forming a distinct and widely- 

 spread family. Beginning on the west coast with the river Senegal, 

 which is the aouthern limit of the arid deserts, and the commenoe- 

 ment of the fertile regions, wo find a race essentially different from 

 those of Northern Africa. In the woolly hair, black skin, the profile 

 of the face and forehead, the oblique insertion of the incisive teeth, 



in of the pelvis, and the legs, we see the undoubted charac- 

 teristics of a race peculiar to the African continent But it is still 

 difficult to aay what parts of Africa must be considered as their 

 proper country, as war and the slave-trade have often transplanted 

 the negro from his localities in Africa, just as they have given him a 

 new home in Europe and America, and made his form and character 

 familiar to our every-day experience. We may safely assume, that 

 the negro 1s on his native soil in all the regions that extend from the 

 Senegal southward, along the Gulf of Guinea, and south of the 

 equator as far as the 16th degree of latitude. On the eastern side, 

 the negro race hardly extends south of the tropic, for they must not 

 be confounded with the Kaffirs who dwell from Natal northward. 

 The natives whom Mr. Salt saw as far north as Sofala Bay near 20* 

 S. lat., he conceived to be nearly allied to the Kaffirs, whom he also 

 considers to be a race "perfectly distinct from either that of the 

 Hottentot or of the Negro." We may, therefore, consider the Kaffirs 

 :i.-< t retching nearly as far north as the river ZumWi, whore the 

 negroes commence. It is quite impossible to fix the limit between 

 the Kaffirs and Negroes in the interior. The latter may, perhaps, be 

 considered the aboriginal inhabitants of the Mozambique coast, from 

 that coast westward into the interior : the Msckona, whom Salt saw 

 at Mozambique, are described by him as the most genuine thic-k- 

 lipl'.-il negroes that he had ever seen; and the expeditions into the 

 interior inform u that the people are negroes, though some of tin in 

 are described as of superior appearance and character to those on the 

 coast. This may be attributed to the want of communication with 

 the white man of Europe, who, wherever he has been allowed freely 

 to settle himself, has, for the most part, destroyed or demoralised the 

 people among whom he has come. We cannot at present state how 

 far north on this coast the negro tribes extend, but certainly not 

 I * y.Mi.l Cape Guardafui. The Somaulis of Adel are not negroes. 



We know very little of the interior of Africa south of the points to 

 which Brown, and Denham, and Clappertcn advanced ; but we may 

 reasonably conjecture these unknown regions to be occupied by black 

 tribes, which indeed is proved to be true, for a oonaideraMe distance 

 at least, by the negro slaves whom the traders bring to Dar-Kur. The 

 cultivable countries which commence south of the Sahara, and arc 

 watered by the Joliba and the various tributaries of Lake Tchad, ore 

 the region of the negroes, and known among the Arabs by the general 

 name of Soodon, or the Country of the Blacks. But we cannot say 

 how for eastward the proper negro extends. The natives of Dor-Pnr 

 (whose capital, Cpbbe, is in 14 11' N. lat, 28 8'E. long.) are described 

 by Brown as having hair generally short and woolly, and a complexion 

 for the most part perfectly block ; yet he says they differ in their 

 persons from the negroes of Guinea, and from the block and gcnuina 

 negro slaves introduced among them by trader* from the south and 

 west The negro races of the Nuba have, however, spread as far 

 north and east as Sennaar, where a negro dynasty of the Kiiii^i 

 (com piurors) established itself in 1604, and has mingled itsulf with 



1'Kxl, and adopted a Mohammedan creed. The Shuigalla, who 

 also belong t .have spread eastward as fur as the Takkauio 



and Msreb, and to the coast of the Red Sea. It is, however, not 

 imnmlihblc that there were negro tribes on the upper waters of the 

 Nil.' 'luring the period of the Pharaohs. The negro is easily recog- 

 nised in the procession in the tombs of the kings at Thebes. (See 

 Belzoni's plates, and Burton's ' Excerpt*,') 



The Desert of the Sahara, and the southern limits that Ixirder on 

 Soodan, swarm with innumerable tribes, of whom the greatest numl -r 

 are included under the general name of Moors. They are a mixed 

 race, and live a wandering life; they are not Arabs, but they have 

 adopted the religion of Mohammed. They ore found |>rend towardn 

 the regions of Fes and Marocco, towards the arid Atlantic coasts thnt 

 bound the western Sahara, and their dominion is fixed on the stream 

 of the Mid-Senegal and Mid-Jolibn ; they form, in fact, a narrow bolt 

 .r li|i Ktretching from the Atlantic along the sonthern limits of the 

 Hnharn into the Interior, |>rolbly as far on the Bahr-i-l-A)ii:id. Tim 

 Tibboos ore a wandering tribe, who conduct caravans from Few-mi to 

 Hornou, and are considered by some to upeak a kind of Ber' 

 But the most numerous and widely-npread race of the desert* are the 

 Tuaricks, who possess the chief trading ports from lihadoini* east- 

 wan), through Fesxan, Angilo, and Siwoh. They are said to apeak 

 a Berber language, and to be mixed on the north with Arabs, on the 

 cast with Tibboos, and on the west with Berbers. 



