AOOHUlUUB. 





136 



so rnitch 



to the 



of war u Agen. 



Mib k ~1 Vw; Utr bj HUM, 



sod Xorthmsn: with the rest of OUMUM it Ml to England 

 th* H*oonf* marri*** to KUanor of Onisroie. The French 

 th.Um. u, imb3p.it up-**. in 1S30 to the Engli* 

 exMllsd eooa aftsr by the inhabitants. By the treaty of 

 H WM r****d to the EngU*h in 1SUO. In the early put of 

 UM townspeople having agmin declared themselves for 



e. the boon of the Count d'Armagnac stormed the town and com 

 ens* crueltiea During the raUgiou* wan of the 16th century, 



held it 



WM u fc *~ by the Huguenots in 1561, and again in 1591, but they 

 _ H ooij v^r Men time. In 1502 it submitted to Henry IV. 

 Agen contain* no remain* of antiquity, except perhaps a fragment 

 of in old rVT**" wall The Bordeaux-Cette railway now in coune of 

 construction pastes through Agen. 



AOGKRHCUsTa hum prorinoe in the south-east of Norway, u 

 1 N. by Trondhjem, E. by Sweden, 8. by the Bay of Christunia 



gad UM Skaa-er-rack, and W. by the provinoee of Christianaand and 

 Bemnhuus/ It lie* between 58" AT Mid 62* 40' N. lat, 7 40' and 

 lj- >o' E, long. It* greatest length from north to south is about -J7n 

 mil from eat to west, 160 mile*. The area is 36,380 square mile*, 

 and UM population, according to the census of December 31, 1845, 

 WB* &93.~81 



Ctmt fmr The southern coast, which U bold and rocky, and rises 

 to a odMidnrihln elevation to the west of Frederikavocrn, U much 

 indented, and contains several good harbour*. The Chiirtiania Fiord, 

 or Bay of Christiania, extends about 60 miles inland ; at its entrance, 

 -'- UM Hvaluen Islands, its width is 15 miles, but it narrows 



gradually as it advances towards the north, in which direction it ia 

 divided into two arms, one running up to Drammen, and the other 

 and more eastern to the town of Chriatiania. The shores of the bay 

 are formed by rocky but gentle hill*, mostly covered with trees. As 

 i* UM i along the rest of the coast of Norway, the sea at a little ( 

 -fipt..^ from shore is dotted with vast numbers of rocky islets. 



Smrfact amd Cfmmmtieatioiu.The north and west of the province 

 is occupied by the tnsssit of the Dovre-Feld or Norrska-Fjellen 

 Mountain*, which commonly rise to the line of perpetual snow, and 

 ~*m aereral summits far above it [NonBasu-FjELLEH.] The 

 SkagstoU Tind on the north-western boundary rises to more than 8500 

 feat, and the Sneehitten on the confine* of Trondhjem ia more than 

 8900 feet above the sea-level. The width of the range varies from 

 70 to 90 miles, this being the average distance between the inhabited 

 places on each side of it All the rest of the province ia traversed by 

 oflhhoots from these mountains, separated by narrow valleys, which 

 are drained by rapid rivers, forming in parts of their course long and 

 narrow lakes. All the rivers after leaving the region of the high 

 mountains hare a general southerly course, and moat of them enter 

 the Bay of Christiania. The Tryssild-Elf however which is the 

 outlet of Lake Famund, after running S.S.E. 70 miles, enters Sweden, 

 when, under the name of the Klar-Elf, it carries its waters into Lake 

 Wenero. [SWBDEX.] 



Two road* traverse the great mountain chain above-mentioned. 

 On* of thsss, connecting the towns of Christiania and Bergen, runs 

 N.W. from Christiania to the northern extremity of the lake of 

 Tyri, and thence along the upper course of the Drammen river. It 

 erossss UM highest part of the range south of the Skagatola Tind, and 

 iMsmnli rapidlv to the long and narrow Terven Fiord, from the 

 shims of which it runs 8.W. over a hilly country to Bergen. 

 The other road runs northwards from Chrutiania along the eastern 

 shore of Lake Miom, along the Lougen-Elf nearly to its source, and 

 croa. UM Dovre-Feld to the east of and near the Sneehatten. From 

 UM Bn*hsHn Pass it descend* through some .valleys to Trondhjem. 

 On the mi" l ~ A * > ^ > part of the mountains there are small houses for 

 traveller*, as place* of refuge in snow-storms ; one of these houses is 

 466* feet above UM sea. A railway is being made from Christiania to 



un-ranges that spring from the Dovre-Feld 

 and Nomka-Fjellsn are, near the principal chains, of great height, 

 sometimes) rising above the mow-line; the highext of them is the 

 Holling-flksrvM. which is more than 5400 feet high. They gradually 

 diminish in bright as they approach the sea, but even at a distance 

 of 15 to SO mile* from the coast they commonly rise to between 1000 

 and 1600 feet The declivities of the mountains in the north and 

 wst an in parts covered with fine timber, pine, birch, mountain- 

 **h, Ac. ; in other parts they present a surface of naked rocks, and 

 hsn and UMTS some pasture. Only a narrow strip along the banks of 

 the riven i* fit for cultivation. The surface of the province east of 

 10' K. long., though also very uneven, contains but few elevations 

 abov the line of trees. In general the mountain-slopes are clothed 

 with toe forests, including oak, lime, pine, fir, Ac.: most of them are 

 f K**tU sMsot, and admit of cultivation ; and there are numerous 

 M** tract* between them, though of no great extent, except at the 

 town of Moss, on the eastern shors of the Bay of Chriatiania. The 

 Mat fertile tract* lie ea*t and north-east of Christiania, along the 

 riven Ulommen and Yemen, and Lake Miosen. These j 

 iilsHlili lurptas of rye, barley, and oat* for exportation t<> the 

 1m productive dwtrict* of the province, besides nome hemp and flax. 

 Olommen, the largest river of Norway, rises in the 



The 



Oresund Lake, in the south-east of Trondhjem. It soon enter* this 

 province, through which it runs nearly due south, traversing several 

 lakes, and forming numerous cataracts ; it enters the eastern side of 

 the Bay of Christiania, near Frederikstad, by two mouths, after a 

 course of 820 miles. The Ulommen receives numerous streams on 

 both banks ; the largest of these is the Vermen-Klf, which forms the 

 outlet of the Lake Miosen. and carries a large part of the drainage of 

 the central districts into the Olommen at a small place called Naea, 

 25 miles N.K. from Christiania. The Glommen, like most of the 

 rivers of Norway, is subject to great floods when the snows melt on 

 the mountains, and in time of great rains ; its inundation* are often 

 very disastrous, a* its course in through some of the most fertile part* 

 of the province. It makes no leas than twenty falls, the last of which, 

 at a place called Halfglund or Holfaland, a few miles above 

 Frederikstad, is between 60 and 70 feet To the west of the bairn of 

 the Olommen flow numerous streams from the eastern slopes of the 

 Norrska-Fjellen, which unite to form the Drammen ; this river enters 

 the western arm of the Bay of Christiania, at the town of Drammen. 

 The western part of the province U drained by the ljiuven-F.lt'. which 

 rises in the Hardanger-Feld (above 5000 feet high), and runs for some 

 distance in the direction of the Eggedals-Fcld, striking against the 

 north-western extremity of which it turns to the south, and enters 

 the Skager-rack, near Laurvig, after a course of about 150 miles. 

 The Lake Miosen, nearly in the centre of the province, between the ( 

 huiliwicks of Christians and Hedemarken, is about 60 miles long and 

 8 miles wide at its greatest breadth : it is navigated by steamers 

 between liinde and Lillehammer. Its principal affluent is the 

 Lougen-Elf; ita superfluous waters are carried to the Glommen by 

 the Vermen-Elf, as above stated. The Famund Lake at the north- 

 eastern extremity of the province U 35 miles long, and from 2 to 5 

 miles wide ; ita surface u 2352 feet above the sea. In the south-east of 

 the province the lake Nord-Soen, which receives part of the drainage 

 of the province of Christianaand, by its affluent the Boen-Elf, ia 

 16 miles in length, and inclosed with rocks ; from its eastern 

 extremity issues the Skcen-Elf, which forma some cataracts near the 

 lake, but at Skeen, a little lower down, becomes navigable for vessels 

 of considerable burden, and enters Langesund Bay at Poragrund. 

 Owing to their numerous rapids and cataracts, and the rapidity of 

 their currents, the rivers of the province are not adapted for naviga- 

 tion; but advantage is taken of their Kreat water-power t<> <!i 

 machinery of a vast number of saw mills, corn-mills, and iron-works ; 

 large quantities of timber are floated down for export 



I'fuituctt and Trade. The province of Aggerhuus in Tory rii-li in 

 minerals. It has numerous iron-mines and iron-works ; h. 

 copper-mines ; a silver-mine at Kongsberg ; mines of alum, cobalt, 

 and salt ; a vast number of Raw-mills ; some glass-works, and tan- 

 yards. The chief commercial centres are Christiania and Drammen. 

 The exports are composed of timber in logs, deals, laths, staves, 

 hoops, pitch and tar, bar and pig iron, iron and copper vessels, 

 butter, cheese, tallow, hides, and furs. A large number of small 

 hardy horses ore exported. The chief occupations are fanning, which 

 in the season is very carefully attended to; mining, wood-cutting, 

 the preparation of timber for export, and fishing. 



Climate. The climate ia very cold in winter, during which season 

 violent winds and snow-atorms are frequent The winter lost* seven 

 month*. The Bay of Chriatiania is frozen from October to the end 

 of April. Yet the country is healthy ; Christiania in the open season 

 has perhaps the moat healthy and equable climate in Kuropo. The 

 mean summer temperature of Christiania is 60" Fahrenheit 



Division* and Town*. Aggerhuus takes ita name from the "II 

 dismantled fortress of Agger near the city of Christiania. 1 t i'. >nn.-Hy 

 gave title to a bishop, but the see has been transferred to Christiania, 

 the diocese of whose prelate's is co-extenaive with the province. The 

 province is divided into 6 boiliwicka: Aggerhuus, South and 

 Central; chief town, Christiania: Urodaberg, S. W. ; chief town, 

 Skeen: Buakeruda, west of Aggerhuua; .hi. I" town, Kiu;slivrg on 

 the Louven-Elf: Christians, North and West, including the high 

 mountains and valleys towards Trondhjem and Bergen : Hedemarken, 

 N. K. between Christians and Sweden : and Smalehnenea, S. V.. 

 between the Bay of Chriatiania and Sweden ; chief town, Frederik- 

 ahald : and two counties, Jarlsberg and Laurvigs, between Bradaberg 

 and the Hay of Chriatiaiiia. 



With the exception of Kongshcrg, the chief town of Buskerud", the 

 only towns of importance ill the province arc situated on the sea- 

 coast. CIIKISTIAMA, the capital of the province and of Norway, 

 :.nd DRAMMEN, ore noticed in separate articles. FrnlrrittliaU, 60 

 miles S. by E. from Chriatiania, on an inlet called Swine-aund, close 

 to the boundary of Sweden, is a fortified town with a harbour and 

 6500 inhabitant*. Near it on a rock 400 feet high in the fortress of 

 Fredcriksteen, in the <> uU before which Charles XII of 



Sweden waa killed, Dec. 12, 1718. The town is well built, with wide 

 street* lined with bouses two stories high, and has a considerable 

 export trade in deals and iron. /'/r./. , Uriml, a fortified town at the 

 mouth of the Olommen, about 50 miles south from Chriatiaiiia, baa an 

 arsenal, a tobacco-factory, and 2700 inhabitants. It has also some 

 trade in deals, ma*t-timl>e.r, and fish. A'onr/iltcn/, in a wild narrow 

 valley on the l.ouven-Klf, at the foot of a mountain which rise* to 

 the height of 2bOO feet, 42 milca S.W. from Chrutianin, is a mining 



