

ABUV. 



_ __ UM dmBlnkm of Uw Peahwa 

 1. thai yr UM *y. taffetaer with Uw surrounding 



A IX. 



1*1 



until 



w. enured by Dowta* Bow Sriadia. from whom it was wrested by 

 OBMO! \VcU0Ur in 1801. Mid at lb conclusion of the war shortly 

 afW WM lasliinil to UM I W>wa. Ahmednuggur has since reverted 

 to Uw r i 1 - of Uw Company, and U now Uw hod station at a 

 ML nulitarr. ad judicial *UbHahnwnt of European*. 



About half a BUM from Uw city (tanda a fort of an oval chape, 

 eo mOt ! circumference, built of stone, and flanked by numerous 

 re. The city U also lurrouDded by atone walla. It contain* 

 > square or market-place, and numerous well-built street*. 



Tlw paste* of Uw former sultan* is a many pile of building, surrounded 

 rabtnd 



faced by solid masonry." The fortrees is altogether 

 on* of Uw Uuu*.*t in India: the population is about 20,d< 

 Uw district of which Ahmednuggur is the chief town, there were 16 

 in 1942, with 1243 pupils, and 4708 in the native 



AWN. [Cmirst] 



AH WAX. or AHWl'Z,a town in Perm, in situated about 100 miles 

 >im Bassorah, nd 48 miles H. from Shunter, near the left bank of 

 Uw Karun, which falls into the head of the Persian Gulf. The name of 

 Ahwu occurs early in the annals of Islam, but the date of its 

 foundation is unknown. It was probably founded by the first khalifa 

 of the Ommiade dynasty ; or perhaps these monarch* raised an 

 hwlftlilfiisnt town to its subsequent splendour. Tire zenith of its 

 prosperity was attained under the earlier khalifs of the house of 

 Abbas, nor did it long survive their fall Although the architectural 

 decorations of the ruins of Ahwai are Moslem, bearing Arabic 

 inscriptions in the early Cufic character, some intaglios on camel ian 

 or oriental onyx, brought from thence, are of a higher antiquity than 

 Mohammed. The city of Ahwaz stood on both banks of the Karun 

 (SI* 2t/ N. laL, 48* 50' K. II>K-\ in a flat country, now uncultivated 

 and abandoned by its former inhabitants to rapacious animals and 

 Hordes of ferocious Arabs, who occasionally pitch their flying camps 

 here, when in search of pasturage or plunder. The modern town of 

 Ahwsi occupies but a small portion of the site of the old city, on the 

 left bank of the Karun, and exhibits a mean and solitary appearance 

 when contrasted with the immense mass of ruins. Its houses are 

 almost entirely built of stone brought from the ruina, and it can only 

 boast of one decent building, a mosque, apparently modern. The 

 population probably does not exceed 1600. Considerable re-mains 

 en-t of the bund, or dyke, that was thrown across the river, chiefly 

 if not entirely, to favour irrigation, by thus making a head of water. 

 A part of this stone wall is still standing, remarkable for its state of 

 preservation ; it is in many places 10 feet high, and nearly as many 

 m breadth; while it extends upwards of 100 feet in length, without 

 any intermediate breach. Many single blocks in it are of enormous 

 sue. The river dashes over the bund with great violence, and the 

 sound of th fall is heard for a considerable distance. Boats of every 

 description are obliged to unload previous to an attempt at passing 

 orer, and even then the passage is attended with much danger, ami 

 Uter are frrqtimUy swamped. The river is 160 yards In breadth at 

 Bob side of the dyke, and of great depth. Ik-low the town it 



shallower, owing to the great mass of masonry under the 

 Toward* the south end of the town there are several 

 ttlar cavities, and a few water-mills erected between the rocks. 

 Batynd them are Uw remains of a bridge, and here too commences 

 Uw macs of ruin*, extending at least 10 or 12 miles in a south- 



direetioo, while their greatest breadth covers about half 

 Ut .pace. About a mile to the east, separated by a deep ravine, 

 toad, an immense pile of materials, consisting of bricks, ston. 

 til. of various colours. The Arabs call it kasr, or palace. The height, 

 is at Uw lowest ertimate ISO feet above the plain. At its base the 

 owners thorn U plentiful, which, by it, green appearance, relieves 

 Uw landscape from Uw general gloom of sterility and dreariness. 

 kaar is about 8 miles from the left bank of the river. About 

 half a mile N.W. from the kasr is a circular mound measuring 200 

 yard*. At iu base a wall of masonry may be traced for 21 feet, the 

 be* of which i perfect and unbn.ken, and appears to have been the 

 front of some building. To this mound is joined another ruined 



I ith fraraeou of glued tile," a'coarse idnd~o"f crystal" 

 pWDMof alabaXer, and bit* of glass. 



TU ruin, of Ahwu extend alao on the right bank of the river in a 



rljT direction, exhibiting the same appearance as the mounds on 



thank, but Ira in magnitude. Ahwai is generally supposed 



be much town- in antiquity than either Babylon, 1'ersepolis, or 



AUxander navigated the Karun, but his historians do not 



TTr 00 4V**rJ 7V "* <- / '** b"Kto* Ariatie Soc., ml 

 AI, or AV JMAixr.l 



^. "1I rilUp of Asia Minor, situated on an isolated 

 WO BMrU* Ut bank of tbeTitU* Mendere, the ancient Carter, at 



myrn*, The summit of the hill is 

 aMen are in part covered with 

 town which mm into existence after the 



: , I 



tt> ^ **" t " WB - " qodct built of ancient 

 M *"1' l?*^ T* upported on four 



ftijautte pillar, of granit,, mppn^d to have belon,- 



Diana. The remains of Ephosus are 2 miles to the S.W. of Aiasaluck. 

 [EPHBsm] ( Hamilton's Rettarchtt in .Irin Minor.) 



A Kll -USE.] 



A It : I ' KPEBBk [Prr-DE-Dom.] 



AK1UKS-MOKTES. [(Unn.1 



AK1I II.I.ii.Y [LOT-ET-UABOKX*.] 



A IN, a department in the east of France formed out of the old 

 districts of Brease, Bugey, Valromey, and Dombea, is bounded N '; y 

 the department* of SaAne-et-Loire and Jura, K. by Switzerland and 

 Savoy, S, by the department of here, and W. by those of Rhone and 

 Saone-et-Loire. It lies between 45* 35' and 46 30' N. lal, 4 40' and 

 6 55' E. long. Its greatest length from north to south is 54 miles ; the 

 average width from east to west is 52 miles. The area of the department 

 is 2224 square miles. The population in 1851 was 372,039, which 

 gives 166-34 to the square mile, being 8'37 below the average JUT 

 square mile for the whole of France. 



Hydrography and Communication*. The department belongs 

 entirely to the basin of the Rhone, which river forms the eastern and 

 southern boundary, and is navigated by small steamers from .Seyssel 

 downwards. The Saone forms the boundary on the west and is also 

 navigated by steamers. The department takes its name from the 

 river A in, the ancient Damn or Itlanut, which runs S. by W. through 

 the centre of the department, and divides it into two very nearly 

 equal parta. The Ain originates in several streams that descend from 

 the Jura mountains, and unite within two or three miles of the tow n of 

 Nozeroy in the east of the department of Jura. The principal source 

 is a natural reservoir in an angle formed by two lofty mountains whose 

 sides rise vertically over it. The river runs at first for a few miles in 

 a very narrow gorge from which it escapee by a fall of 62 feet, and, at 

 times of flood, 138 feet in width. Below this point the river continues 

 to run with great rapidity in a confined and rocky bed, and forms 

 above 20 rapids before it reaches Port-de-la-Seez. Here the river 

 springs down more than 50 feet at one bound, to a lower bed, iu a 

 magnificent sheet above 800 feet in width, forming i>ne t' the 

 grandest waterfalls in Europe. The general course of tin- river is S. 

 by W. After running about 40 miles, it forms the boundary for a 

 short distance between the departments of Jura and Ain. Through the 

 latter it flows between steep banks in a deep bed, aud still with great 

 rapidity, for above 40 miles farther, and enters the Rhone on the 

 southern boundary at a distance of 20 miles E. by N. from the city 

 of I, yon. 



The basin of the Ain is extremely narrow, especially that ] 

 of it which is in this department. Its mpid waters are turned off iu 

 a vast number of places into mill-races, in order to drive the machinery 

 of the numerous saw-mills and corn-mills on its banks. Vast i|imntitii-< 

 of deals, fire-wood, and timber, including oak for tlie French navy, 

 are floated down in rafts from the mountain-forests to I.yn. .M.-my 

 boats also are built along it* banks aud floated down empty to 

 for pale, where they may be seen plying on the Illume, and the ~ 

 No articles can be conveyed up this river, owing to the force of '. 1 

 current, which him a fall of eight feet per mile ; and the nmnlier of 

 mill-nice < mid the height aixi of the banks, prevent ilie 



formation of n!iiice8 and a towing jatli. 



der.t "f the Ain "ii tlie. right bank arc tli> V 

 and the Suraii : on th'- left lmk the I'.ieiine, the Oignon, in 

 Albnrinc. Of these only the Surau und the Albarine are in thii 

 department, the former joining the Ain near 1'ont d'Ain. the In- 

 few miles lower down, after draining the country about St. lianibart. 



To the west of the Ain, and not far from the heights that form ita 

 right bank, rise several small rivers~*the Rcyssouse, the Ve\ i 

 the Chalarouno which flow N.W. t" the SM ne on the \\, 

 of tlie department. The Ueys!<ouso passes the towns of P.. .in 

 Pont-de-Vaux, whence there in a short canal to the Saone. Th. 

 flows a little to the west of liourg, and passin 



the Saone just below MAcon, the i.ipital of Saone-et-Loiro, The 

 Chalaronnc joins the Saone below Thoi.-M-y. The Seille flows for 

 three or four miles along the northern boundary of the department 

 before it enters the Saone. 



Kr. .in the eastern slopes of the southward extension of the .turn 

 Mountains, which forms the watershed between the Ain and the 1; 

 the streams all flow S.S.K. towards the right bank of the latter. Of 

 these the Valserine, a mountain-torrent flowing from the department of 

 Jura through a wild and picturesque glen, in which it forms, nhen 

 full of water, many beautiful cascades, enters the Uhone at Bellegarde. 



The department as yet possesses no railroads, but the I 



" in progress traverses the south and east of the department 

 passing St. Rambert, whence a branch line through Bonrg will join at 

 MAcon the l.y..ii Hi-leans line, which runs close to the western boundary 

 along the right bank of the Saone. It is traversed in various directions 

 by 6 state* and 16 departmental roads. The IIM.-I. important of these 

 are the road from Lyon to Qcneva, the road from Lyon to Beaancpn, 

 and the road from MAcon to H'lin-g. The road from Lyon to ( '< 

 runs up the right bank of the Hhone; it passes, a little soi 

 Bclley, the fort of Pierro-ChAte), which in built on a rock 1>. 



. ..f the rivi r I.. 

 II through a 



Th ftslc nmrtr, formerly ca'.lnl royal rraulu, arc kept in ropa r by the HUt ; 

 th di-p" ..f tlie drjiar 



